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CHAFINS 



Lives of the Presidents 



United States of America. 



' WAY 271096- 




J^fS^fi 



EUGENE W. CHAFIN, LL. B., 

COUN8ELOE-AT-LAW, 
WAUKKSHA, WISCONSIN, 



$ 



AVaukesha, Wis. : 

Waukesha Publishing Company. 

1896. 



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L\ 



Copyright, 189G, 
BY EUGENE AV. CHAFIN. 



PRESS OF 

THE EVENING WISCONSIN Cr. 

MILWAUKEE, WIS. 



PREFACE. 

This book contains over 2,000 dates and 750 
names. Its value consists in these being absolutely 
correct. In each instance the best authorities have 
been consulted, and so absolutely certain are we that 
there is not a mistake in it that we will give the first 
person who finds a mistake five copies of the book 
for each mistake. Our object has been to make it a 
handy and reliable reference book for voters and 
students. E. W. C. 

Waukesha, Wis., May, 1896. 



CONTENTS. 



LIVES OK THK PRESIDENTS. 

1. George Washington 5 

2. John Adams 7 

3. Thomas .Jefferson 9 

4. James Madison 10 

5. James Monroe 12 

0. John Quiney Adams 14 

7. Andrew Jackson 15 

8. Martin Van Buren 17 

9. William Henry Harrison 19 

10. John Tyler 20 

11. James Knox Polk 21 

12. Zachary Taylor 23 

13. Millard Fillmore 23 

14. Franklin Pierce 25 

15. James Buchanan 26 

16. Abraham Lincoln 28 

17. Andrew Johnson 31 

18. Ulysses Simpson Grant 33 

19. Kutherford Birchard Hayes 35 

20. James .\bram Garfield 38 

21. Chester Allan Arthur 40 

22. Grover Cleveland 42 

23. Benjamin Harrison 44 

24. Grover Cleveland 46 

ELECTORAL VOTE FOE VICE-PRESIDENTS. 

1. John Adams 53 

2. Thomas Jefferson 53 

3. Aaron Burr 54 

4. (ieorge Clinton 54 

5. Elbridge Gerry 55 

6. Daniel D. Tompkins 55 

7. John Caldwell Calhoun 56 

8. Martin Van Buren 57 

9. Kichard Mentor Johnson 57 

10. John Tyler 57 

11. George Mifflin Dallas 58 

12. Millard Fillmore 58 

13. William Kufus King 58 

14. John Ciibell Breckenridge 59 

15. Hannibal Hamlin 59 

16. Andrew Johnson 59 

17. Schuyler Colfax 59 

18. Henry Wilson 60 

19. William Almon Wheeler 60 

20. Chester Allan Arthur 61 

21. Thomas Andrews Hendricks 61 

22. Levi Parsons Morton 62 

23. Adlai Ewing Stevenson 62 

Duties of Cabinet Officers 48 

Speakers of the House of Representatives 51 

The Electoral College 53 



LI V KS 



The Presidents of the United States. 



GEORGE WASHINGTON, 

First President of the United States, was born in the 
County of Westmoreland, Virginia, February 22, 
1732. His father, Augustine Washington, and his 
mother, Mary Ball, had six children — four sons and 
two daughters — George being the eldest. He re- 
ceived a common English education, and at the age 
of nineteen was appointed one of the adjutant-gen- 
erals of his state, with the rank of major. He was 
soon after appointed colonel, which position he held 
until 1758. At the age of twenty-seven he married 
Mrs. Martha Custis, a wealthy widow about three 
months his junior, and the mother of two children. 
In 1759 he was elected to the House of Burgesses, 
and continued to be returned to that body for 
fifteen years, with the exception of short intervals, 
and officiating as justice of the peace. In 1774 
Washington Avas elected one of the delegates to 
represent Virginia in the First Continental C'ongress, 
at Philadelphia, and held the office until June 15, 
1775, when he was appointed by that body com- 
mander-in-chief of the American army. He held 
that position until he brought the Revolutionary 
War to a successful termination; then he returned 
to Annapolis, where Congress was in session, and 
resigned his commission December 23, 1783. In 
May, 1787, he was elected to the convention which 
met in Philadelphia for the purpose of framing a 



8 CHA FIN'S LIVES OF THE PRESIDENTS. 

1779, he was appointed Minister Plenipotentiary 
to treat Avith Great Britain for peace and com- 
merce. He was soon after appointed Minister 
to Holland, and re-called in July, 1781, to Paris. 
In January, 1785, he was appointed Minister to 
England, and occupied that post until 1788, when 
he resigned and returned home. He was elected 
first Vice-President of the United States, and took 
the oath of office April 21, 1789, which office he held, 
by re-election, until March 4, 1797. He was elected 
President in 1796, and took the oath of office March 
4, 1797, at Philadelphia. He was defeated for a re- 
election, and, at the close of his official term, he re- 
tired to his farm at Quincy, where he died July 4, 
1826. 

John Adams held office over twenty-five years. 
He died moderately well off". 

Adams* Cabinet. 

SECRETARIES OF STATE. 

Timothy Pickering, MasBachusettP, . . . March, 1797 
John Marshall, Virginia, May 13, 1800 

SECRETARIES OF THE TREASURY. 

Oliver Wolcott, Connecticut, IVfarch, 1797 

Samuel Dexter, Massachusetts, .... Dec. 31, 1800 

SECRETARIES OF WAR. 

James McIIenry, Maryland, March, 1797 

Samuel Dexter. MassachusettB, .... May 13, 1800 
Roger Griswold, Connecticut, .... Feb. 3, 1801 

^SECRETARY OF THE NAVY. 

Benjamin Stoddart, Maryland, .... May 21, 1798 

ATTORNEY-GENERAL. 

Charles Lee.-^'^irginia, March, 1797 

POSTMASTER- GENERAL. 

Jacob Habersham, Georgia, March, 1797 

* See page 49. 



THOMAS JEFFERSON. 



THOMAS JEFFERSON, 

Third President of the United States, was born at 
Shadvvell, Albemarle County, Virginia, April 13, 
1743. He was educated at William and Mary Col- 
lege, Virginia, and graduated in 1762. After leaving 
college he studied law, and in 1769 he was elected a 
member of the House of Burgesses of Virginia. In 
1772 he was married to Mrs. Martha Skelton, a 
wealthy widow, twenty-three years of age. He was 
a delegate to the Continental Congress in 1775, and 
in 1776 he was chosen chairman of the committee 
which drafted the Declaration of Independence, and 
was the author of that glorious instrument which 
was the foundation of American liberty. He was 
elected to a seat in the Virginia Assembly during the 
summer of 1776, and resigned his seat in Congress. 
He continued in the Assembly in 1777 and 1778. In 
June, 1779, Jeflerson succeedeil Patrick Henry as 
Governor of Virginia, and held tlie office two years. 
He was elected to Congress in 1783, and was chair- 
man of the committee to whom the treaty of peace 
with England was referred. In May, 1784, he was 
appointed Minister Plenipotentiary to Europe, to 
assist Adams and Franklin in negotiating treaties of 
commerce. In 1785 Congress appointed him Minis- 
ter Plenipotentiary to France, and he remained there 
until 1789. On his return home Washington offered 
him a seat in his cabinet, as Secretary of State, which 
he accepted and held until December 31, 1793. In 
1796 Jefferson was elected Vice-President of the 
United States, and took his seat March 4, 1797. On 
the 17th of February, 1801, he was elected President 
by the House of Representatives, the electors having 
failed to make a choice, and took the oath of office 
March 4, 1801, at Washington, D. C. In 1804 he 
was re-elected, and took the oath of office March 4, 
1805. After completing his second term he retired 



10 CH A FIN'S LIVES OF THE PRESIDENTS. 

to " Monticello," where, in the language of Daniel 
Webster, " he lived as became a wise man," and died 
July 4, 1826. 

Jefferson held office about thirty years. He died 
so poor that, if Congress had not given $20,000 for 
his library, he would have been bankrupt. 

Jefferson's Cabinet. 

SECRETARY OF STATE. 

James Madison, Virginia, March 5, 1801 

SECRETARIES OF THE TREASURY. 

Samuel Dexter, Massachusetts, .... March, 1801 
Albert Gallatin, Pennsylvania, .... Jan. 26, 1802 

SECRETARY' OF WAR. 

Henry Dearborn, Massachusetts, . . . March 4, 1801 

SECRETARIES OF THE XA\ Y. 

Benjamin Stoddart, Maryland, .... March, 1801 

Robert Smith, Maryland", Jan. 20, 1802 

Jacob Crowninshield, Massachusetts, . . March 2, 1805 

ATtORNEYS-(iEXERAL. 

Levi Lincoln, Massachusetts, .... March 5, 1801 

Robert Smith, Maryland, March 2, 1805 

John Breckenridge. Kentucky, .... Dec. 25, 1805 

Csesar A. Rodney, Delaware, .... Jan. 20, 1807 

POSTMASTERS-GENERAL. 

Jacob Habersham, Georgia, March, 1801 

Gideon Granger, Connecticut, .... Jan. 26, 1802 



JAMES MADISON, 

Fourth President of the United States, was born in 
Orange County, Virginia, March 16, 1751. At the 
age of seventeen years he entered Princeton College, 
N. J., where he graduated in 1771, and commenced 
the study of the law. In 1776 he was elected a 
member of the General Assembly of Virginia, and in 
1778 was elected to the Executive Council of the 



JAMES MADISON. 11 

state. He was elected to the Continental Congress 
in 1779; was a member of that body three years, and 
a member of the Legislature of Virginia from 1784 to 
1786. He was a member of the convention Avhich 
formed the Constitution of the United States in 1787. 
He was elected a member of the House of Represent- 
atives in 1789, ;ind held the office eight years, during 
which time (1794) he married Mrs. Dolly Paine 
Todd, a young Avidow, twenty-three years of age. 
He was elected a member of the Virginia Assembly 
in 1797. In 1801 Jefferson appointed him Secretary 
of State, which office he held eight years. He was 
the successful candidate for the presidency in 1808, 
and was inaugurated March 4, 1809. He was re- 
elected in 1812, and took the oath of office March 4, 
1813. At the close of his second term he retired to 
his home at Montpelier, and died June 28, 1836. 

Madison held office about thirty-two years. He 
was economical, and died rich. 



Madison's Cabinet. 



SECRETARIES OF STATE. 

Robert Smith, Maryland, March 6, 1809 

James Monroe, Virginia, Nov. 25, 1811 

SECRETARIES OF THE TREASURY. 

Albert Gallatin, Pennsylvania, .... March, 1809 

George AV. Campbell, Tennessee, . . . Feb. 9, 1814 

Alexander .Tames Dallas, Pennsylvania, . Oct. 6, 1814 

SECRETARIES OF WAR. 

William Eustis, Massachusetts, .... March 7, 1809 

John Armstrong, New York, .... Jan. 19, 181.3 

James Monroe, Virginia, Sept. 26, 1814 

William Harris Crawford, Georgia, . . . March 2*, 1815 

SECRETARIES OF THE NAVY. 

Paul Hamilton, South Carolina, . . . March 7, 1809 

William Jones, Pennsylvania, .... Jan. 12, 1813 

Benjamin W.Crowninshield, Massachusetts, Dec. 17, 1814 



12 CHAFIN'S LIVES OF THE PRESIDENTS. 



ATTORNEYS-GENERAL. 

Ctesar A. Rodney, Delaware, .... March, 1809 

William Pinkney, Maryland, .... Dec. 11, 1811 

Richard Rush, Pennsylvania, .... Feb. 10, 1814 

POSTMASTERS-GENERAL. 

Gideon Granger, Connecticut, .... March, 1809 

Return J. Meigs, Jr., Ohio, March 17, 1814 



JAMES MONROE, 

Fifth Presideiit of the United States, was born on 
the 2Sth of April, 1758, in the County of Westmore- 
land, Virginia, and graduated at William and Mary 
College in 1776. He then joined the Continental 
Army, where he remained three years, and was pro- 
moted to the rank of captain. He then commenced 
the study of law under Thomas Jeflferson, and in 1782 
he was elected to the Virginia Legislature. The next 
year he was chosen one of the Executive Council, in 
which he continued until 1783, when he was elected 
a member of the Continental Congress, and held 
that office three years. During his attendance at 
New York (in 1785), as a member of Congress, he 
married a daughter of Mr. L. Kortright. In 1787 
he was elected to the State Legislature, and in 1788 
he was a member of the convention to decide upon 
the adoption of the new Constitution. He was elected 
United States Senator in 1788, and at the expiration 
of his term, in 1794, he was appointed Envoy Extra- 
ordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to the Court 
of Versailles, and was re-called in 1796. In 1799 he 
was elected Governor of Virginia, and served the 
constitutional term of three years. In 1803 he was 
appointed Envoy Extraordinary to France, to nego- 
tiate for the purchase of Louisiana. In 1810 he was 
elected to the Legislature, and the same year was 
commissioned Minister Plenipotentiary to England. 
In 1811 Mr. Monroe was again elected Governor of 



JAMES MONROE. 13 

Virginia, but was soon after appointed Secretary of 
State by President Madison, and in 1814 he was ap- 
pointed to the War Department, which he took with- 
out relinquishing the former post. He was elected 
President of the United States in 1816, and was in- 
augurated March 4, 1817; he was re-elected in 1820, 
and took the oath of office March 5, 1821, the 4th 
being Sunday. His term of office expired March 4, 
182-5, and he retired "to his residence in Loudon 
County, Virginia, where he resided until 1831, when 
he removed to New York City, and took up his resi- 
dence with his son-in-law. He died on the 4th of 
July, 1831. 

Monroe held office twenty-six years. He died so 
poor that he was buried at the expense of his rela- 
tives. 

Monroe's Cabinet. 

SECRETARY OP STATE. 

John Quincy Adams, MassachuBetts, . . March 5, 1817 

SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY". 

William Harris Crawford, Georgia, . . March 5, 1817 

SECRETARIES OF WAR. 

Isaac Shelby, Kentucky, March 5, 1817 

John Caldwell Calhoun, Seuth Carolina, . Dec. 16, 1817 

SECRETARIES OF THE NAVY. 

Benjamin W. Crowninshield, Massachusetts, March, 1817 

Smith Thompson, New York Nov. 30, 1818 

Samuel L. Southard, New Jersey, . . . Dec. 9, 1823 

ATTORNEYS-GENERAL. 

Richard Rush, Pennsylvania, .... March, 1817 
William Wirt, Virginia, . .• . . . . Dec. 15, 1817 

POSTMASTERS-GENERAL. 

Return J. Meigs, Jr., Ohio, March, 1817 

John McLean, Ohio, Dec. 9, 1823 



14 CH A FIN'S LIVES OF THE PEESIDENTS. 



JOHN QUINCY ADAMS, 

Sixth President of the United States, was born at 
Braintree (now Quincy), Massachusetts, July 11, 
1767, and at the age of eleven years he accompanied 
his father, John Adams, to France. He attended 
school in Paris, and 1781 Accompanied the Ameri- 
can Ambassador, Francis Dana, to Russia as his 
private secretary. He returned home in 1785, and 
entered Harvard College, where he graduated in 1788. 
He then began the study of law with Hon. Theophi- 
lus Parsons. In 1794 he was appointed Resident 
Minister to the Netherlands, and afterwards to Portu- 
gal; but, while on his way to Lisbon, he received a 
new commission from his father, then President, 
which changed him to Prussia. In 1797 he was 
married to Miss Louisa Catherine Johnson. He re- 
turned to America in 1801, and in 1802 he was 
elected to the Senate of Massachusetts. In ]803 he 
was elected to the United States Senate, and resigned 
his seat in 1806. In 1809 he was appointed Minister 
Plenipotentiary to Russia, and in 1814 he was placed 
at the head of the American commissioners who ne- 
gotiated the treaty of peace with Great Britain at 
Ghent. Mr. Adams was appointed Minister to the 
Court of St. James in 1815; was appointed Secretary 
of State in 1817, and held the office eight years. 
February 9, 1825, he was elected President of the . 
United States by the House of Represent atives, the 
Electoral College having failed to make a choice, and 
was inaugurated March 4. He was defeated for a 
re-election, and on the 4th of March, 1829, he left 
the executive chair and retired to private life. In 
1830 he was elected to tlie House of Representatives, 
and held the office by re-elections until his death, 
February 23, 1848, which occurred in the Capitol at 
Washington. 



A NDJRE W J A CKSON. 15 

John Quincv Adums held office about fifty vears. 
He left about $50,000. 

Tohn Quincy Adams' Cabinet. 

SKCRETARY OF STATE. 

Henry Clay. Kentucky, March 8, 1825 

SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY. 

Richard Rush, Pennsylvania, .... March 7, 1825 

SECRETARIES OP WAR. 

James Barbour, Virginia, March 7, 1825 

Peter D. Porter, New York, May 2(j, 1828 

SECRETARY OF THE NAVY. 

Samuel L. Southard, New Jersey, . . . March, 182.'i 

ATTORNEY-GENERAL. 

William Wirt, Virginia, March, 1825 

POSTMASTER-GENERAL. 

John McLean, Ohio, '. . March, 1825 



ANDREW JACKSON, 

Seventh President of the United States, was born 
March 15, 1767, at Washaw, Lancaster Count}", 
South Carolina, and received a common English edu- 
cation. Andrew, like George Washington, fought in 
the Revolutionary War, joining a company of volun- 
teers at the age of fourteen. In 1784 he began the 
study of law at Salisbury, N. C, and w^as soon after 
appointed solicitor for that portion of the state now 
known as Tennessee. In 1791 he married Mrs. 
Rachel Robarts, a woman who had been divorced 
from her husband. In 1795 he was a member of the 
convention that formed the State Constitution of 
Tennessee, and was elected the first Representative 
of that state in Congress. He was soon after elected 
United States Senator, and took his seat in Novem- 
ber, 1797. He resigned his seat as Senator in 1798, 



16 CH A FIN'S LIVES OF THE PRESIDENTS. 

and was elected Judge of the Supreme Court of Ten- 
nessee, which position he held until 1804. When the 
United States declared war against Great Britain in 
1812 Jackson entered the army, and in 1814 he re- 
ceived the appointment of major-general. He con- 
tinued in the army, fighting tlie British and Indians, 
until 1818, and then resigned his commission. In 
1821 President Monroe appointed him Governor of 
the Territory of Florida, and in 1823 he was elected 
to the United States Senate. In 1824 he was an 
unsuccessful candidate for the Presidency, but suc- 
cessful in 1828, and was inaugurated March 4, 1829. 
He was re-elected in 1832, and took the oath of office 
a second time March 4, 1833. At the close of his 
administration, March 4, 1837, he retired to the 
"Hermitage," in Tennessee, and died on the 8th 
day of June, 1845. 

Jackson held office— judicial, political and mili- 
tary — in all about twenty-live years. He died toler- 
ably well off. 

Jackson's Cabinet. 

SECRETARIES OF STATE. 

Martin Van Buren, New York, . . . March 6, 1829 

Edward Livingston, Louisiana, . . . May 24, 1831 

Louis McLane, Delaware, May 29, 1833 

John Forsyth, Georgia, June 27, 1834 

SECRETARIES OF THE TREASURY. 

Samuel D. Ingham, Pennsylvania, . . March 6, 1829 

Louis McLane, Delaware, Aug. 8, 1831 

William J. Duane, Pennsvlvania, . . . May 29, 1833 

* Roger Brooke Taney, Maryland, . . Sept. 23, 1833 

Levi Woodbury, New Hampshire, . . June 27, 1834 

SECRETARIES OF WAR. 

John H. Eaton, Tennessee, .... March 9, 1829 
Lewis Cass, Ohio, Aug. 1, 1831 



Rejected by the Senate. 



MA R TIN VA N B VEEN. 17 

SECRETARIES OF THE NAVY. 

John Branch, North Carolina, .... March 9, 1829 

Levi Woodbury, New Hampshire, . . May 23, 1831 

Mahlon Dickinson, New Jersey, . . . June 30, 1834 

ATTORNEYS-GENERAL. 

John M. Berrien, Georgia, March 19, 1829 

Roger Brooke Taney, Maryland, . . . Dec. 27, 1831 

Benjamin F. Butler, New York, . . . June 24, 1833 

POSTMASTERS-GENERAL. 

William T. Barry, Kentuckv, .... March 9, 1829 

Amos Kendall, Kentucky, " May 1, 1835 



MARTIN VAN BUREN, 

Eighth President of the United States, was born in 
the Town of Kinderhook, Columbia County, New 
York, December 5, 1782. He received a common 
English education, and at the age of fourteen years 
began the study of law, and, according to the ** New 
York rule," after studying seven years, he was ad- 
mitted to the bar. In 1806 he married Miss Hannah 
Hoes, who was a distant relative. In 1808 he was 
appointed Surrogate of Columbia County, and in 
1812 was elected to the State Senate, and re-elected 
in 1816. In 1821 he was elected United States Sen- 
ator, and re-elected in 1827. In 1828 he was elected 
Governor of New York, and entered upon the duties 
of that office the 1st of January, 1829, having re- 
signed his seat in the Senate. He filled the guber- 
natorial chair but little over two months, being 
appointed Secretary of State by Mr. Jackson in 
March. At the expiration of two years he resigned 
his seat in the Cabinet,' and was appointed Minister 
to England. The appointment was not confirmed 
by the Senate, and he was re-called. He was elected 
Vice-President of the United States in 1832. Mr. 
Van Buren was nominated for President by the Na- 
tional Democratic Convention held. at Baltimore in 



18 CH A FIN'S LIVES OF THE PRESIDENTS. 

February, 1836. Being duly elected, he took the 
oath of office March 4, 1837. He was the first Presi- 
dent ever nominated by a regular ' ' National Con- 
vention." Prior to this time it had been the custom 
of Congress and the State Legislatures to nominate 
the candidates for President and Vice-President. He 
was defeated for a re-election in 1840, and at the 
close of his term, March 4, 1841, he returned to his 
estate at Kinderhook. He was nominated by the 
Free Soil party for the Pi-esidency in 1848, but did 
not receive an electoral vote. He died July 24, 1862. 

Van Buren held office thirty 3'ears. He was the 
only man who ever held the four highest political 
offices in the United States — President, Vice-Presi- 
dent, Secretary of State and United States Senator. 

He died worth some $300,000. It is said that 
during his entire administration he never drew any 
portion of his salary, but on leaving took the whole 
$100,000 in a lump. 

Van Buren's Cabinet. , 

SECRETARY OF STATE. 

Jolin Forsyth, Georgia, March, 1837 

SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY. 

Levi Woodbury, New Hampshire, . . . March, 1837 

SECRETARY OF WAR. 

Joel R. Poinsett, South Carolina, . . . March 7, 1837 

SECRET.^RIES OF THE NAVY. 

Mahlon Dickinson, New Jersey, . . . March, 1837 
James K. Paulding, New York, .... June 20, 1838 

ATTORNEYS-GEI>}ERAL. 

Benjamin F. Butler, New York, . . . March, 1837 

Felix Grundy, Tennessee, Sept. 1, 1838 

Henry D. Gilpin, Pennsylvania, . . . Jan. 10, 1840 

POSTMASTERS-GENERAL. 

Amos Kendall, Kentucky, March, 1837 

John M. Nilee, Connecticut, . . . . . May 25, 1840 



WILLIAM HENRY HARRISON. 19 



WILLIAM HENRY HARRISON, 

Ninth President of the United States, was born in 
Charles City County, Virginia, February 9, 1773, and 
was educated for the medical profession at Hampden 
Sidney College. He soon after joined the army, and 
departed for the Western wilderness to engage in the 
Indian wars, and was promoted to the rank of cap- 
tain. In 1791 he married the daughter _of_ Judge 
Symmes, and resigned his military commission for 
the purpose of accepting the office of Secretary of 
the Northwestern Territory, comprising the States 
of Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Michigan and Wiscon- 
sin. In 1799 he was elected the first delegate to 
Congress from the Northwestern Territory, and in 
1801, when Indiana was erected into a territory, he 
was appointed its first Governor. In 1812 he was 
made commander of the Northwestern army, with 
the commission of brigadier-general, and in 181H he 
was elected a Representative to Congress from Ohio, 
and held the office three years. In 1819 he was 
elected State Senator, and in 1824 United States 
Senator. In 1828 he was sent to the Republic of 
Colombia as Minister Plenipotentiary. On his re- 
turn he retired to his farm at North Bend, Ohio, 
where he lived until 1836, when he became a candi- 
date for the Presidency, and was defeated. On the 
4th of December, 1839, the Whig National Conven- 
tion met at Harrisburg. James Barbour, of Vir- 
ginia, was chosen president of the convention. On 
-the third day (December 6) the nominations were 
made. Of the 254 votes, William Henry Harrison 
received 148; Henry Clay, 90; Winfield Scott, 16. 
Harrison, having received a majority, was declared 
the nominee. John Tyler was nominated for Vice- 
President. They were elected in 1840, and took the 



20 CHAFIN'S LIVES OF THE PRESIDENTS. 

oath of office March 4, 1841. Harrison died the 4th 
of April, 1841. 

Harrison held office about twenty years. 

JOHN TYLER, 

Tenth President of the United States, Avas born at 
Williamsburg, Virginia, March 29, 1790, and at the 
age of seventeen he graduated at William and Mary 
College. At the age of nineteen he was admitted to 
the bar, and at the age of twenty-one (1811) he was 
elected to the Virginia Legislature, and held the 
office five successive years. In 1813 he married 
Miss Lucretia Christian. She died in 1842, and in 
1844 he married Miss Julia Gardiner. In 1816 he 
was elected a Representative in Congress, and served 
two terms. In 1823 he was elected a member of the 
State Legislature, and in 1825 was elected Governor 
of Virginia. He was elected United States Senator 
in 1827, and re-elected in 1833, but resigned his seat 
in 1836. In 1838 he was again elected to the State 
Legislature, and in 1840 was elected Vice-President 
of the United States. Upon the death of President 
Harrison, in accordance with Article III. of the Con- 
stitution, he became President of the United States. 
Mr. Tyler was at his residence in Virginia when Mr. 
Harrison died (April 4), but reached Washington 
and took the oath of office April 6, 1841. At the 
close of his official term (March 4, 1845) he retired 
to his estate near Williamsburg, and died January 
17, 1862. He was a member of the secession Con- 
gress at thctime of his death. 

Tyler held office twenty-seven years. He died rich. 

Harrison and Tyler's Cabinets. 

SECKETARIES OK STATE. 

Daniel Webster, Massachusetts, . . March 5, 1841 

Hugh S. Legare, South Carolina, . . . May 0, 1843 

Abel P. Upshur, Virginia June 24, 1843 

John Caldwell Calhoun, South Carolina, . March 6, 1844 



JAMES KNOX POLK. 



21 



SECRETARIES OF THE TREASURY. 

Thomas Ewing, Ohio, March 5, 1841 

Walter Forward, Pennej'lvauia, . . . Sept. 13, 1841 

John Canfield Spencer, New York, . . March 8, 1843 

George M. Bibb, Kentucky , .... June 15, 1844 

SECRETARIES OF WAR. 

John Bell, Tennessee March 5, 1841 

John Canfield Spencer, New York, . . Oct. 12, 1841 

James M. Porter, Pennsylvania, . . . March 8, 1843 

AVilliam Wilkins, Pennsylvania, . . . Feb. 15, 1844 



SECRETARIES OF THE NAVY. 



George E. Badger, North Carolina, 
Abel P Upshur, Virginia, . 
David Henshaw, Massachusetts, . 
Thomas W. Gilmer, Virginia, . 
John Y. Mason, Virginia, 



ATTORNEYS-GENERAL. 

John J. Crittenden, Kentucky, 
Hugh S. Legare, South Carolina, . 
John Nelson, Maryland, 

POSTMASTERS-GENERAL. 

Francis Granger, New York, . 
Charles A. AVicklifFe, Kentucky, . 



March 5, 1841 
Sept. 13, 1841 
Julv 24, 1843 
Fett. 15, 1844 
March 14, 1844 

March 5, 1841 
Sept. 13, 1841 
Jan. 2, 1844 



March 6, 1841 
Sept. 13, 1841 



JAMES KNOX POLK, 

Eleventh President of the United States, was born in 
Mecklenberg County, North Carolina, November 2, 
1795. (His ancestors' name was Pollock.) In 1806 
his father and family moved to Nashville, Tennes- 
see. James graduated at the University of North 
Carolina in 1818, and was admitted to the bar 
in 1820. In 1823 he was elected to the Tennes- 
see Legislature, and was a member of that body 
two years. In 1825 he was elected to the Na- 
tional House of Representatives. He held the office 
by re-elections for fourteen 3'^ears, and was chosen 
Speaker of the House two terms. He was elected 
Governor of Tennessee in 1839, and was a candi- 



22 CHA FIN'S LIVES OF THE PRESIDENTS. 

date for re-election in 1841, but was defeated. He 
was again a candidate for the same office in 1843, 
and was again defeated. On the 27th of May, 1844, 
the National Democratic Convention assembled at 
Baltimore. On the first ballot Martin Van Buren 
received 146 votes; Lewis Cass, 83; Richard Mentor 
Johnson, 24; John Caldwell Calhoun, 6, and 7 scat- 
tering. Mr. Van Buren received a majority, but a 
rule of the convention required a two-thirds vote to 
nominate. On the eighth ballot Van Buren received 
104; Cass, 114; James Knox Polk, 44. On the ninth 
ballot the vote was unanimous for Mr. Polk. George 
Mifflin Dallas was nominated for Vice-President. 
They were elected the coming autumn, and took the 
oath of office March 4, 1845. On the 3d of ]\Iarch, 
1849, Mr. Polk's administration closed. He returned 
to his home in Nashville, and died June 15, 1849. 

Polk held office twenty-two years. He left about 
$150,000. 

Polk's Cabinet. 

SECRETARY OF STATE. 

James Bucbanan, Pennsylvania, . . . March 5, 1845 

SECRETARY OP THE TREASURY. 

Robert J. Walker, Mississippi, . . . March 5, 1845 

SECRETARY" OF WAR. 

William L. Marcy, New York, .... March 5, 1845 

SECRETARIES OF THE NAVY. 

George Bancroft, Massachusetts, . . . March 10, 1845 
John Y. Masfon, Virginia, Sept. 9, 1846 

ATTORNEYS-GENERAL. 

John Y. Mason, Virginia, March 5, 1845 

Nathan Clifford, Maine, Dec 23, 1846 

Isaac Toucey, Connecticut, Tune 21, 1848 

POSTMASTKR-GENERAL. 

Cave Johnson, Tennessee, March 5, 1845 



ZA CIIA RY TA YL OR. 23 



ZACHARY TAYLOR, 

Twelfth President of the United States, was born in 
Orange County, Virginia, September 24, 1784. He 
received a very limited common school education. 
In 1808 he was appointed lieutenant in the United 
States infantry. Mr. Taylor was married in 1810. 
He was promoted from time to time, and in 1840 
attained the rank of brigadier-general. About this 
time he purchased a large estate in Louisiana. In 
1845 he was ordered to Mexico, and commanded at 
the battles of Palo Alto, Matamoras, Monterey and 
Beuna Vista. June 7, 1848, the Whig National 
Convention met at Philadelphia. June 8th the bal- 
loting commenced. On the first ballot Zachary Tay- 
lor received 111 votes; Henry Clay, 97; Winfield 
Scott, 46; Daniel Webster, 21, and John McLean, 2. 
After another unsuccessful ballot the convention ad- 
journed. On the first ballot, June 9th, Taylor re- 
ceived 133 votes; Clay, 74; Scott, 53; Webster, 16, 
and John M. Clayton, 1. The second ballot resulted 
in a choice, Taylor having received 171 votes; Scott. 
63; Clay, 30; Webster, 12. Millard Fillmore was 
nominated for Vice-President. Messrs. Taylor and 
Fillmore were elected the coming fall, and took the 
oath of office March 5, 1849, the 4th of March occur- 
ring on Sunday (Inauguration Day) the second time, 
and occurred again in 1877. Mr. Taylor died July 
9, 1850. 

Taylor never held a political office or cast a vote 
until he was elected to the Presidency. He left an 
estate worth about $150,000. 

MILLARD FILLMORE, 

Thirteenth President of the United States, was born 
in Cayuga County, New York, January 7, 1800, and 
received a common school education. He studied 



24 CHA FIN'S LIVES OF THE PRESIDENTS. 

law, and was admitted to practice as an attorney in 
1827. In 1829 he was elected to the New York 
Assembly, and held the office three years. He was 
married to Abigail Powers in 1826. In 1832 he was 
elected to the National House of Representatives. 
He was again elected in 1836, and re-elected in 
1838-40. He was defeated for Governor of New 
York in 1844. In 1847 he was elected Comptroller 
of the state, and in 1848 was elected Vice-President 
of the United States. Upon the death of President 
Taylor he became President, and took the oath of 
office July 10, 1850. At the expiration of his term, 
March 4, 1853, lie returned to his home in Buffalo, 
and in 1856 was a candidate for the Presidency, but 
was beaten. He died March 8, 1874. 

Fillmore held office sixteen years. He was eco- 
nomical, and died rich. 



Taylor and Fillmore's Cabinets. 

SECRETARIES OP STATE. 

John Middleton Clayton, Delaware, . . March 7, 1849 
Daniel Webster, MaBsacliusetts, . . . July 20, 1850 
Edward Everett, Massachusetts, . . . Dec. 9, 1852 

SECRETARIES OF THE TREASURY. 

William M. Meredith, Pennsylvania, . . March 7, 1849 
Thomas Corwiu, Ohio, July 20, 1850 

SECRETARIES OF WAR. 

George W. Crawford, Georgia, .... March 7, 1849 
Charles M. Conrad, Louisiana, .... Aug. 15, 1850 

SECRETARIES OF THE XAVY. 

William Ballard Preston, Virginia, . . . March 7, 1849 
William A. Graham, North Carolina, . . July 30, 1850 
John P. Kennedy, Maryland, .... July 22, 1852 

* SECRETARIES OF THE INTERIOR. 

Thomas Ewing, Ohio March 7, 1849 

Alexander H. H. Stewart, Virginia, . . Sept. 12, 1850 



See page 49. 



FR A NKL IN PIER CE. 25 

ATTORNEYS-GENERAL. 

Reverdy JohnBon, Maryland, .... March 7, 1849 

John J. Crittenden, Kentucky, .... July 20, 1850 

POSTMASTERS-GENERAL. 

Jacob Collamer, Vermont, March 7, 1849 

Nathan K. Hall, New York, July 20, 1850 

Samuel D. Hubbard, Connecticut, . . . Aug. 31, 1852 



FRANKLIN PIERCE, 

Fourteenth President of the United States, was born 
at Hillsborough, New Hampshire, November 23, 
1804. He graduated at Bowdoin College in 1824, 
and then entered the law school at Northampton, 
Massachusetts, where he remained two years. In 
1829 he was elected to the New Hampshire Legisla- 
ture, where he served four years, and the last two 
years was Speaker of the House. In 1833 he was 
elected a Representative in Congress, and held the 
office four years. He married Miss Jane M. Apple- 
ton in 1834. In 1837 he was elected to the United 
States Senate, and in 1842 resigned his seat. 
When the Mexican War broke out he accepted the 
commission of brigadier-general, and distinguished 
himself at the battles of Cerro-Gordo and Chapulte- 
pec. In 1850 he presided over the Constitutional 
Convention of New Hampshire. June 1, 1852, the 
National Democratic Convention met at Baltimore. 
The two-thirds rule was adopted. The balloting be- 
gan June 3d, and on the first ballot Lewis Cass 
received 114 votes; James Buchanan, 93; William 
L. Marcy, 27; Stephen Arnold Douglas, 20. The 
seventeenth ballot that day stood: For Cass, 99; 
Buchanan, 87; Douglas, 50; Marcy, 26. The second 
day's balloting closed with the thirty-third trial, as 
follows: Cass, 123; Buchanan, 72; Douglas, 60; 
Marcy, 25. On the thirty-sixth ballot the Virginia 
delegation cast their votes for Franklin Pierce, and 



26 CHAFIN'S LIVES OF THE PRESIDENTS. 

on the forty-ninth he received the unanimous vote of 
the convention. William Rufus King was nominated 
for Vice-President. Being duly elected, they were 
inaugurated March 4, 1853. There was not a change 
made in his Cabinet officers during his administra- 
tion, a thing that has never before or since happened. 
He left the Presidential chair March 4, 1857, and 
returned to his home in New Hampshire, where he 
died October 8, 1869. 

Pierce held office about sev^enteen years. He left 
about $50,000. 

Pierce's Cabinet, 

SFX'RETARY OF STATE. 

William L. Marcy, New York, .... March 7, 1853 

SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY. 

James Giitbrie, Kentucky, March 7, 1853 

SECRETARY OF AVAR. 

Jefferson Davis, Mississippi, .... March 5, 1853 

SECRETARY OF THE NAVY. 

James C. Dobbin, North Carolina, . . . March 7, 1853 

SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. 

Robert McClelland, Michigan, .... March 7, 1853 

ATTORNEY-GENERAL. 

Caleb Cushing, Massachusetts, .... March 7, 1853 

POSTMASTER-GENERAL. 

James Campbell, Pennsylvania, . . . March 5, 1853 



JAMES BUCHANAN, 

Fifteenth President of the United States, was born in 
Franklin County, Pennsylvania, April 22, 1791. He 
graduated at Dickinson College in 1809, and was ad- 
mitted to the bar in 1812. He was elected to the 
State Legislature in 1814. In 1820 he was elected 
Representative to Congress, and held the office by 



JAMES B UCHA NA N. 27 

re-elections for ten years. In 1831 he was appointed 
Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary 
to Russia, and elected United States Senator in 1834. 
He was re-elected in 1840, and continued a member 
of that body until 1845, when he was appointed Sec- 
retary of State, which office he held four years. Mr. 
Buchanan was appointed Minister to England in 
1853, and returned in April, 1856. June 2, 1856, 
the National Democratic Convention met at Cincin- 
nati to nominate a candidate for the Presidency. On 
the first ballot James Buchanan received 135 votes 
Franklin Pierce, 122; Stephen Arnold Douglas, 33 
Lewis Cass, 5. On the ninth ballot the vote stood 
Buchanan, 141; Pierce, 87; Douglas, 56; Cass, 7. 
On the sixteenth ballot Buchanan had 168; Douglas, 
121. On the seventeenth Buchanan was unanimously 
nominated. John Cabell Breckenridge was nomi- 
nated for Vice-President, and they were elected the 
following autumn. They were inaugurated March 
4, 1857. At the close of his Presidential term he re- 
tired to his home at liancaster, Pennsylvania, and 
died June 1, 1868. 

Buchanan held office nearly thirty-eight years. 
He died worth about $200.000. " 

Buchanan's Cabinet. 

SECRETARIES OF STATE. 

Lewis Cass, Michigan, March G, 1857 

Jeremiah S. Black, Pennsylvania, . . . Dec. 17, 1860 

SECRETARIES OF THE TREASL'RV. 

Howell Cobb, Georjiia, March 5, 1857 

Philip F. Thomas, Maryland, .... Dec. 12, 1860 
John Adams Dix, New York, .... Jan. 11, 1861 

SECRETARIES OF WAR. 

John B. Floyd, Virginia, March 6, 1857 

Joseph Holt, Kentucky, Jan. 18, 1860 

SECRETARY OF THE NAVY. 

Isaac Toucey, Connecticut, March 6, 1857 



28 CHA FIN'S LIVES OF THE PRESIDENTS. 

SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. 

Jacob Thompson, MissisBippi,. . . . March 6, 1857 

ATTORNEYS-GENERAL. 

Jeremiah S. Black, Pennsylvania, . . March 6, 1857 
Edward McMasters Stanton, Washington, 

D. C, Dec. 16, 1860 

POSTMASTERS-GENERAL. 

Aaron V. Brown, Tennessee, .... March 6, 1857 

Joseph Holt, Kentucky, Marcli 14, 1859 

Horatio King, Maine, Jan. 18, 1860 



ABRAHAM LINCOLN, 

Sixteenth President of the United States, was born 
in Hardin (now Larne) County, Kentucky, February 
12, 1809. In 1816 his father and family removed to 
what is now Spencer County, Indiana. Here he at- 
tended school about one year, which was all the 
schooling he ever had. In 1830 the family removed 
to Macon County, Illinois. When the Black Hawk 
war broke out, in 1832, Abraham Lincoln joined a 
volunteer company, and was at once chosen captain. 
At the close of the war they were disbanded at 
Whitewater, Wisconsin, and he made his way home 
on loot and on a raft down the Illinois River. In 
the fall of 1832 he became a candidate for the State 
Legislature, and was beaten. He was postmaster at 
New Salem from 1833 to 1836. In 1834 he was 
elected to the Legislature as a Whig, and re-elected 
in 1836-38-40. He was one of the five Whig Presi- 
dential electors for Illinois in 1840. He was admit- 
ted to the bar in 1836, and commenced the practice 
of law at Springfield in 1837. Up to this time he 
had never seen the inside of a college or academy. 
He married Miss Mary Todd, November 4, 1842. 
He was elected a Representative to Congress in 1846, 
and declined to be a candidate for re-election in 
1848. May 16, 1860, the Republican National Con- 



ABRAHAM LINCOLN. 29 

vention met at Chicago to nominate candidates for 
President and Vice-President of the United States. 
May 18th the balloting commenced. On the first 
ballot William Henry Seward received 173 votes; 
Abraham Lincoln, 102; Simon Cameron, 50; Salmon 
Portland Chase, 49; Edward Bates, 48; William L. 
Dayton, 14; John McLean, 12; scattering, 16. On 
the second iDallot Seward received 184 votes; Lincoln, 
181; Chase, 42; Bates, 35; Dayton, 10; McLean, 8; 
scattering, 4. The third ballot was as follows: Lin- 
coln, 231; Seward, 180; Chase, 24; Bates, 22; scat- 
tering, 7. Before the result was announced four 
Ohio delegates changed their votes, giving him a 
majority. It was then made unanimous. Hannibal 
Hamlin was nominated for Vice-President. Being 
duly elected, they were inaugurated March 4, 1861. 
Prior to this time several of the Southern States had 
passed ordinances of secession. The various calls 
made by Lincoln for troops to suppress the rebellion 
were : 

The call of April, 1861, for 7o,(X)0. 
The call of May, 1861, for 82,748. 
The call of JulV, 1861, for 500,000. 
The call of July, 1862, for 300,000. 
The call of August, 1862, for 300,000. 
The call of June, 1863, for 100,000. 
The call of October, 1863, for 300,000. 
The call of February, 1864, for 200,000. 
The call of March, 1864, for 200,000. 
The call of April, 1864, for 85,000. 
The call of July, 1864, for 500,000. 
The call of Decemljer, 1864, for 300,000. 

The total number of troops called for was 2,942,- 
748. The total number obtained was 2,690,401. In 
1864-5 the expenditures of the government amounted 
to over S3, 500, 000 per day. The national debt at 
the close of the war was over $2,749,000,000. 

The best speech that ever fell from human lips 
was delivered by Abraham Lincoln on the battle- 



30 CH A FIN'S LIVES OF THE PRESIDENTS. 

field of Gettysburg, November 19, 1863. We give it 
in full, as follows: 

" Fourscore and seven years ago our fathers brought 
forth upon this continent a new nation, conceived in lib- 
erty and dedicated to the proposition that all men are 
created equal. Now we are engaged in a great civil war, 
testing whether that nation, or any nation so conceived 
and so dedicated, can long endure. We are met on a 
great battle-field of that war. We have come to dedicate 
a portion of that field as a final resting-place for those 
who here gave up their lives that that nation might live. 
It isaltogether fitting and proper that we should do this. 
But in a larger sense we cannot dedicate, we cannot con- 
secrate, we cannot hallow this ground. ^ The brave men, 
living and dead, who struggled here have consecrated it 
far above our power to add or detract. The world will lit- 
tle note, nor long remember, what we say here, but it can 
never forget what they did here. It is for us, the living, 
rather to be dedicated here to the unfinished work which 
they who fought here have thus far so nobly advanced. 
It is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great task 
remaining before us, that from these honored dead we 
take increased devotion to that cause for which they gave 
the last full measure of devotion; that we here highly re- 
solve that these dead shall not have died in vain"; that 
this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of free- 
dom, and that the government of the people, by the 
people, and for the people, shall not perish from the 
earth." 

These few appropriate words seem to have been 

" Conceived in the ventricle of the imagination, 
Nourished in the bosom of the Pia Mater, 
And delivered on the mellowing of the occasion." 

June 8, 1864, the National Republican Conven- 
tion met at Baltimore, and re-nominated President 
Lincoln, with Andrew Johnson for Vice-President. 
They were inaugurated March 4, 1865. He was 
assassinated in Ford's Theater, at Washington, by 
John Wilkes Booth, on the 14th of April, and died 
on the 15th. The whole nation, like one great fam- 
ily, mourned his loss. 



ANDREW JOHNSON. 31 

Lincoln held office fourteen years. He left about 
$75,000. 

ANDREW JOHNSON, 

Seventeenth President of the United States, was born 
at Raleigh, North Carolina, December 29, 1808. At 
the age of ten years he was apprenticed to a tailor, 
with whom he remained seven years. He never at- 
tended school, but in 1827 he"^ married Miss Eliza 
McCardle, who taught him to Avrite and cipher. In 
1826 he removed to Granville, Tennessee, and was 
elected alderman of that village in 1828-9. ^ In 1830 
he was elected mayor, and held the office three 
years. In 1835 he was elected to the State Legisla- 
ture, was defeated in 1837, and elected again in 1839. 
In 1841 he was elected to the State Senate, and in 
1843 to the National House of Representatives, which 
office he held, by successive re-elections, for ten 
years. In 1853 he was elected Governor of Tennes- 
see, and re-elected in 1855. At the expiration of 
his gubernatorial term, in 1857, he was elected 
United States Senator by the Tennessee Legislature. 
In 1862 he was appointed Military Governor of Ten- 
nessee. He was nominated for Vice-President at the 
Baltimore Convention, June 8, 1864. Being a suc- 
cessful candidate, he took the oath of office March 4, 
1865. Upon the death of President Lincoln he be- 
came President, and took the oath of office April 15, 
1865. He was impeached by the House of Repre- 
sentatives February 24, 1868, by a vote of 125 ayes 
to 40 nays. The following Representatives were 
chosen as managers, on the part of the House, to 
conduct the bill of impeachment before the Senate: 
Messrs. John A. Bingham, of Ohio; George S. Bout- 
well, of Massachusetts; Benjamin Franklin Butler, 
of Massachusetts; Thaddeus Stevens, of Pennsyl- 
vania; Thomas Williams, of Pennsylvania; John A. 
Logan, of Illinois, and James F. Wilson, of Iowa. 



32 CHA FIN'S LIVES OF THE PRESIDENTS. 

The counsel for the President were Messrs. Benjamin 
R. Curtis, of Massachusetts; William M. Evarts, of 
New York; William S. Grosebeck, of Ohio; Thomas 
A. R. Nelson, of Tennessee, and Henry Stanbery, of 
Ohio. The trial was begun March 30, 1868, before 
the United States Senate, sitting as a court of im- 
peachment, presided over by Chief Justice Chase. 
President Johnson was acquitted by the Senate May 
26th, by a vote of 19 to 35, the Constitution requiring 
a vote of two-thirds to convict. President Johnson 
and Secretary Stanton quarreled over reconstruction 
questions, and on August 5, 1867, the President re- 
quested him to resign, which the Secretary refused 
to do. He gave way, under protest, August 12th, to 
General U. S. Grant as Secretary of War ad interim. 
The Senate reinstated Secretary Stanton January 13, 
1868. On February 21, 1868, General Lorenzo 
Thomas was appointed Secretary of War ad interim, 
but Secretary Stanton still refused to vacate. John- 
son's impeachment followed, and on his acquittal 
Stanton resigned. On the 4th of March, 1869, he 
retired from the Presidency to his home in Granville, 
Tennessee. In 1870 he was a candidate before the 
Tennessee Legislature for LTnited States Senator, but 
was defeated by two votes. In 1872 he was a candi- 
date for Representative in Congress, and was de- 
feated. In 1875 he was elected to the United States 
Senate, and took his seat March 4th, and died July 
31, 1875. 

Johnson held office thirty-six years. He was 
probably worth $50,000. 

Lincoln and Johnson's Cabinets. 

SECRETARY OF STATE. 

William Henry Seward, New York, . . March 5, 1861 

SECRETARIES OF THE TREASURY. 

Salmon Portland Chase, Ohio, .... March 5, 1861 
William Pitt Fessenden, Maine, . . . July 1, 1864 
Hugh McCulloch, Indiana, March 7, 1865 



ULYSSES SniPSON GRANT. 33 



SECRETARIES OP WAR. 

Simeon Cameron, Pennsylvania, . . . March 5, 1861 
Edwin McMasters Stanton, Washington, 

D. C, Jan. 11, 1862 

John M. Schofield, Missouri, .... May 29, 1868 

SECRETARY OF THE NAVY. 

Gideon Welles, Connecticut, .... March 5, 1861 

SECRETARIES OF THE INTERIOR. 

Caleb B. Smith, Indiana, March 5, 1861 

John P. Usher, Indiana, Jan. 8, 1863 

James Harlan, Iowa, Mav 15, 1865 

Orville H. Browning, Illinois, .... July 27, 1866 

ATTORNEYS GENERAL. 

Edward Bates, Missouri, March 5, 1861 

James Speed, Kentucky, Dec. 2, 1864 

Henry Stanbery, Ohio, Julv 23, 1866 

William Maxwell Evarts, New York, . . July 15, 1868 

POSTMASTERS-GENERAL. 

Montgomerv Blair, Maryland, .... March 5, 1861 

William Deiinison, Ohio, Sept. 24, 1864 

Alexander W. Randall, Wisconsin, . . July 25, 1866 



ULYSSES SIMPSON GRANT, 

Eighteenth President of the United States, was born 
in Clermont County, Ohio, April 27, 1822. He 
graduated at the military Academy at West Point 
in 1843, and entered the United States regular army 
as a brevet second lieutenant. He Avas afterwards 
promoted to captain, and served in the Mexican War 
under Generals Scott and Taylor. He participated 
in the battles of Palo Alto, Monterey, Vera Cruz and 
Molino del Rey. At tlie close of the war Grant's 
company was sent to Oregon. In 1848 he married 
Miss Julia T. Dent. In 1854 he resigned his connec- 
tion with the army, and settled near St. Louis. In 
1859 he moved to Galena, Illinois, and engaged in 
the leather trade until the breaking out of the Re- 



34 CHA FIN'S LIVES OF THE PRESIDENTS. 

bellion. He then entered tlie [Jnion army as colonel, 
and distinguished himself at the battles of Fort Don- 
elson, Shiloh, Vicksburg, Richmond and others. He 
was promoted from time to time, until P^'ebruary, 
1864, when he received the commission of lieutenant- 
general from President Lincoln's own hand, and 
continued in the field until he received the sword 
which General Robert Edward Lee surrendered at 
Appomatox Court-House, April 9, 1865. The Re- 
publican National (Convention met at Chicago, May 
21, 1868. On the first ballot (irant was unanimously 
nominated for President, with Schuyler Colfax for 
Vice-President. Being duly elected, the}^ were in- 
augurated March 4, 1869. At the Republican Na- 
tional Convention held in Philadelphia June -5, 1872, 
President Grant was re-nominated by acclaniation. 
Henry Wilson was nominated for Vice-President. 
Being elected, they took the oath of office March 4, 
1873. He completed his term of eight years as 
President March 4, 1877. On May 17th' he left 
Philadelphia for a tour around the world, and landed 
in San Francisco September 20, 1879. In the Re- 
publican National Convention in 1880 his name was 
presented as a candidate for President, and he re- 
ceived from 302 to 313 votes during the thirty-six 
ballots taken. He removed to New York City in 
1881. Just previous to his death he wrote his me- 
moirs, which were published in two volumes, and 
brought a large fortune to his widow. He completed 
this last work of his life but four days before his 
death, whic^h occurred on Mount McGregor, near 
Saratoga, New York, July 23, 1885. 



Grant's Cabinet. 

Sl'X'KKTARIES OF STATE. 

Elilm Beiijaniin Wafiliburne, ninioip, . IMarch 5, 1869 
Ilaniilton Fish, Kew York, .... March 11, 18()9 



RUTHERFORD BIRCHARD HAYES. 35 



SECRETARIES OF THE TREASURY. 



George SewallEoutwell, MaseacliuBetts, . March 11, 1869 

William A. Richardson, Massachusetts, . March 17, 1873 

Benjamin H. Bristow, Kentucky, . . . June 1, 1874 

Lot M. INIorrill, Maine, June 21, 187«) 



SECRETARIES OF WAR. 



John M. Schofield, Missouri, .... March 5, 1869 

John A. Rawlins, Illinois March II, 1859 

William W. Belknap, Iowa, .... Dec. 6, 1869 

Alphonso Taft, Ohio, March 7, 1876 

J. Donald Cameron, Pennsylvania, . . May 22, 1876 



SECRETARIES OF THE NAVY. 



Adolph E. Borie, Pennsylvania, . . . March 5, 1869 
George M. Robeson, New Jersey, . . Dec. 6, 1869 



SECRETARIES OF THE INTERIOR. 



Jacob Dolson Cox, Ohio, March 5, 1869 

Columbus Delano, Ohio, Nov. 1, 1870 

Zachariah Chandler, Michigan, . . . Oct. 19, 1875 



ATTORN EYS-OE N ERA L . 



Ebenezer Rock wood Hoar, Massachusetts, March 5, 1869 
Amos Tappaii Akerman, Georgia, . . June 23, 1870 
George H. Williams, Oregon, .... Dec. 14, 1871 
Edwards Pierrepont, New York, . . . Dec. 8, 1875 
Alphonso Taft, Ohio, May 22, 1876 



POSTMASTERS-GENERAL. 



John A. J. Creswell, Maryland, . . . March 5, 1869 
Marshall Jewell, Connecticut, .... Aug. 24, 1874 
James N. Tyner, Indiana, July 12, 1876 



RUTHERFORD BIRCHARD HAYES, 

Nineteenth President of th-e United States, was born 
at Delaware, Ohio, October 4, 1822. Graduated at 
Kenyon College in 1842; studied law at Harvard 
University, and was admitted to the -.jar in 1845. In 
1852 he married Miss Lucy W. Webb. He was de- 
feated for judge in 1856; in 1859 was elected City 



30 CH A FIN'S LIVES OF THE PRESIDENTS. 

Solicitor, to fill a vacancy, by the Cincinnati City 
Council, and in 1860 was elected by the people for 
one year, but defeated in 1861. He was appointed 
major of the Twent^'-third Ohio Infantry June 7, 
1861,. and continued in the service, being promoted 
for distinguished services, having been wounded four 
times, until he attained the rank of brigadier-general. 
While in the field, in 1864, he was elected a Repre- 
sentative in Congress, and re-elected in 1866. In 1867 
he was elected Governor of Ohio over Allen G. Thur- 
man and was inaugurated January 13, 1868, having 
resigned his seat in Congress. He was re-elected 
Governor over George H. Pendleton in 1869. 'In 
1872 he was defeated for Congress, and in 1875 was 
again elected Governor of Ohio, this time defeating 
Governor William Allen. The Republican National 
Convention met at Cincinnati June 14, 1876, to nom- 
inate candidates for President and Vice-President. 
June 16th the first ballot stood: James G. Blaine, 
285; Oliver P. Morton, 124; Benjamin H. Bristow, 
llo; Roscoe Conkling, 91); Rutherford B. Hayes, 61; 
John F. Hartranft, 58; Marshall Jewell, 11, and 
^^^illiam A. Wheeler, 3. There was no material 
change until the seventh ballot, which gave Hayes 
384; Blaine, 351, and Bristow, 21. Hayes receiving 
a majority, the vote was made unanimous. William 
Almon Wheeler, of New York, was nominated for 
Vice-President. At the November election the pop- 
ular vote stood: For Hayes, 4,033,295; for Tilden, 
4,284,265. Tilden's majority, 250,970. The can- 
vassing boards of Florida, Louisiana and South 
Carolina having returned the Republican Presidential 
Electors, their right to do so being questioned by the 
Democratic House of Representatives (the Senate be- 
ing Republican), Congress on January 29, 1877, 
passed a bill creating an Electoral Commission to 
count the electoral vote in all disputed cases. The 
commission was composed of five Justices of the 
Supreme Court, five Senators and five Representa- 



RUTHERFORD BIRCHARD HAYES. 37 

tives, as follows: Justices — Nathan ClifFord, Maine; 
Samuel F. Miller, Iowa; Stephen Johnson Field, 
California; William Strong, Pennsylvania; Joseph 
P. Bradley, New Jersey. Senators — George F. Ed- 
munds, Vermont; Oliver P. Morton, Indiana; Fred- 
erick T. Frelinghuysen, New Jersey: Allen G. Thur- 
man, Ohio; Thomas Francis Bayard, Delaware. 
Representatives — Henry B. Payne, Ohio; Eppa 
Hunton, Virginia; Josiah G.. Abbott, Massachusetts; 
George F. Hoar, Massachusetts; James Abram Gar- 
field, Ohio. The commission decided by a vote of 
8 to 7 that the Republican electoral vote of Florida, 
Louisiana and South Carolina should be counted for 
Hayes and Wheeler, which gave them 185 and Tilden 
and Hendricks 184 electoral votes. The result was 
reported to Congress, and at four o'clock on the 
morning of March 2, 1877, Hayes was declared 
elected President. He at once resigned the office of 
Governor of Ohio and proceeded to Washington and 
took the oath of office Saturday night, March 8d. 
He was inaugurated on Monday, March 5th, and 
again took the oath of office. At the close of his 
term, March 4, 1881, he retired to his home at Fre- 
mont, Ohio, where he died January 17, 1893. 

Hayes held office about fourteen years, and was 
the wealthiest of all the Presidents. 



Hayes' Cabinet. 

SECRETARY OF STATE. 

William Maxwell Evarts, New York, . . March 6, 1877 

SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY'. 

John Sherman, Ohio, March 0, 1877 

SECRETARIES OF WAR. 

George W. McCrary, Iowa, ..... March 6, 1877 
Alexander Eamsey, Minnesota, . . . Dec. 10, 1879 



38 CHAFIN'S LIVES OF THE PRESIDENTS. 

SECRETARIES OF THE NAVY. 

Richard W. Thompson, Indiana, . . . March 6, 1877 
Nathan Goff, Jr., West Virginia, . . . Jan. 6, 1881 

SECRETARY OP THE INTERIOR. 

Carl Schnrz, Missouri, March 6, 1877 

ATTORNEY-GENERAL. 

Charles Devens, Massachusetts, . . . March 6, 1877 

POSTMASTERS-GENERAL. 

David McKendree Key, Tennessee, . . March 6, 1877 
Horace Maynard, Tennessee, .... June 2, 1880 



JAMES ABRAM GARFIELD. 

Twentieth President of the United States, was born 
November 19, 1831, in Cuyahoga County, Ohio. He 
learned the carpenter's trade at the age of fourteen. 
Attended Geauga Seminary, Hiram College, and 
graduated at Williams College, Massachusetts, in 
1856, and earned the necessary money at his trade 
and teaching school. He then became jjrofessor in 
Hiram College, and in 1857 was made its president. 
He married Miss Lucretia Rudolpli in 1858. In 
1859 he was elected State Senator. Studied law and 
was admitted to the bar in 1861. Enlisted August 
16, 1861, and September 5th was commissioned 
colonel of the Forty-second Ohio Infantry. On Jan- 
uary 10, 1862, he was promoted to the rank of Brig- 
adier-general, and afterward to that of major-general. 
Having been elected to Congress in 1862, while ab- 
sent in the field, he resigned his commission in the 
army upon taking his seat in Congress in December, 
LS63. He was re-elected eight times in succea- 



JAMES ABRAM GARFIELD. 39 

sion, and was finishing his eighteenth year when 
elected President. In January, 1880, the Ohio 
Legislature elected him United States Senator 
for six years from March 4, 1881. The Repuhlican 
National Convention met at Chicago June 2, 1880. 
General Garfield headed the Ohio delegation, and 
presented the name of John Sherman as a candidate 
for President. The first ballot was taken June 7th, 
and stood: U. S. Grant, 304; James G. Blaine, 284; 
John Sherman, 93; George F. Edmunds, 34; Elihu 
B. Washburne, 30, and William Windom, 10 votes. 
On the third ballot Garfield received one vote, and 
from one to two on each succeeding ballot up to the 
thirty-third, except five ballots, when he received 
none. The balloting continued until June 8th. On 
the thirty-fourth ballot Garfield got 17 votes. The 
thirty-fifth stood: Grant, 213; Blaine, 257; Sher- 
man, 99; Edmunds, 11; Washburne, 23; Windom, 
3, and Garfield, 50. The thirty-sixth and last vote 
gave Garfield, 399; Grant, 307; Blaine, 42; Wash- 
burne, 5, and Sherman, 3. After an adjourninent, 
Chester A. Arthur, Avho was also a delegate to the 
convention, was nominated for Vice-President. They 
were elected November 4th. Garfield was then Rep- 
resentative in Congress, United States Senator-elect 
and President-elect. November 8th he resigned his 
seat in Congress, declined the office of Senator, and 
remained at his home at Mentor, Ohio, until his in- 
auguration, March 4, 1881. On July 2d he Avas shot 
by Charles J. Guiteau in a railroad depot in Wash- 
ington. He was removed to Long Branch, New Jer- 
sey, September 6th, where he died from the eff'ects 
of the wound September 19, 1881. 

He held political offices about twenty-one years, 
and died poor. 



40 CH A FIN'S LIVES OF THE PRESIDENTS. 



CHESTER ALLAN ARTHUR. 

Twenty-first President of the United States, was horn 
Octol^er 5, 1830, at Fairfield, Vermont. Graduated 
at Union College, Schenactady, N. Y., 1849. Taught 
school and was principal of the Pownal Academy, 
Vermont. Studied law and was admitted to the bar. 
Was married to Miss Herndon. He was a delegate 
to the Saratoga Convention when the Republican 
party of New York was formed. Was Judge- Advo- 
cate of the Second Brigade of state militia before the 
war. In 1860 Governor Edwin D. Morgan appointed 
him engineer-in-chief on his staff' and afterwards in- 
spector-general and quartermaster-general, holding 
tlie latter oftice until the close of 1863. He practiced 
law in New York City until November 20, 1871, when 
he was appointed Collector of Customs at that port, 
and reappointed in 1875. In 1877 he was Chairman 
of the Republican Central Committee of New York 
City, when President Hayes issued his order forbid- 
ding officers in the civil service from acting as polit- 
ical managers. Mr. Arthur neglected to comply with 
this order and was removed by the President in July, 
1878. He was a delegate to the Chicago Convention 
in 1880, and a strong supporter of General Grant. 
He was nominated for Vice-President on the first 
ballot, which stood for Chester A. Arthur, 468; E. B. 
Washburne, 111., 193; Marshall Jewell, Connecticut, 
44; Horace Maynard, Tennessee, 30; B. K. Bruce, 
Mississippi, 8; J. L. Alcorn, Mississippi, 4; E. J. 
Davis, Texas, 2; Thomas Settle, North Carolina, 1; 
Stewart L. Woodford, N. Y., 1. Being elected he 
took the oath of oftice and became Vice-President 
March 4, 1881. On being notified by the Cabinet of 
the death of President Garfield, he took the oath of 
oftice as President at his own house in New York 
City, on September 20, 1881, at two o'clock in the 
morning. On reaching Washington, September 22d, 



CHESTER ALLAN AETHVR. 41 

he again took the oath of office before Chief Justice 
Waite. The RepubHcan National Convention met at 
Chicago June 3, 1884. Those receiving the highest 
number of votes on tbe first ballot were James G. 
Blaine, 384^ and Chester A. Arthur, 278. On the 
fourth ballot Mr. Blaine was nominated. C4eneral 
Arthur retired from the Presidency March 4, 1885, 
and died at his home in New York City November 
18, 1886. 



Garfield and Arthur's Cabinets. 

SECRETARIES OF STATE. 

James Gillespie Blaine, Maine, . . . March 5, 1881 
Frederick Theodore Frelinghuysen, New 

Jersey, Dec. 15, 1881 

SECRETARIES OF THE TREASURY. 

William Windom, Minnesota, .... March 5, 1881 

Charles J. Folger, New York, .... Nov. 15, 1881 

Walter Q. Gresham, Indiana, .... Sept. 25, 1884 

Hugh McCulloch, Indiana Oct. 28, 1884 

SECRETARY OF WAR. 

Robert Todd Lincoln, Illinois, .... March 5, 1881 

SECRETARIES OF THE NAVY. 

William H. Hunt, Louisiana March 5, 1881 

William E. Chandler, New Hampshire, . April 2, 1882 

SECRETARIES OF THE INTERIOR. 

Samuel J. Kirkwood, Iowa, March 5, 1881 

Henry M. Teller, Colorado, April (i, 1882 

POSTMASTERS-GENERAL. 

Thomas L. James, New York, .... March 5, 1881 

Timothy Otis Howe, Wisconsin, . . . Jan. 5, 1882 

Walter Q. Gresham, Indiana, .... April 11, 1883 

Frank Hatton, Iowa, Oct. 14. 1884 

ATTORNEYS-GENERAL. 

Wayne McYeagh, Pennsylvania, . . . March 5, 1881 
Benjamin Harris Brewster, Pennsylvania, Dec. 19, 1881 



42 CHAFIN'S LIVES OF THE PRESIDENTS. 



GROVER CLEVELAND, 

Twenty-second President of the United States, was 
born at Caldwell, New Jersey, March 18, 1887. In 
1855 he entered a law office in Buffalo as clerk at 
four dollars a week, and was admitted to the bar in 
1859. He was assistant district attorney of Erie 
County for three years, beginning January 1, 1863. 
In 1865 he was a candidate for district attorney, and 
was beaten. Was elected sheriff of Erie County in 
1870 for three years. He was elected mayor of Buf- 
falo in 1881 for the term beginning January 1, 1882. 
In November, 1882, lie was elected Governor of New 
York by 192,854 plurality over Charles J. Folger, 
and took the oath of office January 1, 1883. July 8, 
1884, the Democratic National Convention met at 
Chicago. . The rules required a two-thirds vote to 
nominate. On the first ballot Grover Cleveland re- 
ceived 892 votes; Thomas F. Bayard, Delaware, 170; 
Allen G. Thurman, Ohio, 88; Samuel J. Randall, 
Pennsylvania, 78; Joseph McDonald, Indiana, 56; 
John G. Carlisle, Kentucky, 27; Roswell P. Flower, 
New York, 4; George Hoadly, Ohio, 3; Samuel J. 
Tilden, New York, 1, and Thomas A. Hendricks, 
Indiana, 1 vote. The second vote stood: Cleveland, 
683; Bayard, 8U; Hendricks, 45 J; Thurman, 4; 
Randall, 4, and McDonald, 2. Cleveland's nomina- 
tion was made unanimous by Thomas A. Hendricks, 
of Indiana, Avho was then nominated for Vice-Presi- 
dent by acclamation. The election in November 
was very close, the popular vote being 4,911,017 for 
C eveland and 4,848,334 for Blaine, giving Cleveland 
62,683 plurality. In the State of New York the 
Cleveland electors carried the state by 1,047 plural- 
ity, giving him the 36 electoral votes of that state 
and a majority of 37 in the Electoral College. He 
resigned as Governor of New York January 6th, and 
was inaugurated President March 4, 1885. The 



GROVER CLEVELAND. 43 

Democratic National Convention met at St. Louis 
June 5, 1888, and unanimously re-nominated Cleve- 
land for President. Allen G. Thurman was nomi- 
nated for Vice-President. They were beaten at the 
November election. 



^^ Cleveland's First Cabinet. 

SECRETARY OF STATE. 

Thomas Francis Bayard, Delaware, . . March 5, 1885 

SECRETARIES OF THE TREASURY. 

Daniel Manning, New York, .... March 5, 1885 
Charles Stebbins Fairchild, New York, . April 1, 1887 

SECRETARY OF WAR. 

William Crowninshield Kndicott, INIassa- 

chusetts, March 5, 1885 

SECRETARY OF THE NAYY. 

William C. Whitney, New York, . . . March 5, 1885 

SECRETARIES OF THE INTERIOR. 

Lucius Quintus Cnrtins Lamar, Mississippi, March 5, 1885 
William Freeman Vilas, Wisconsin, . . .Tan. 17, 1888 

rOSTM ASTERS-GENERAL. 

William Freeman Vilas, Wisconsin, . . March 5, 1885 
Donald McDonald Dickinson, Michigan, . Jan. 17, 1888 

ATTORNEY-GENERAL. 

Augustus H. Garland, Arkansas, . . . March 5, 1885 

* SECRETARY OF AGRICULTURE. 

Norman .T. Colman, Missouri, .... Feb. 2^, 1889 



* See page 50. 



44 CHAFIN'S LIVES OF THE PRESIDENTS. 



BENJAMIN HARRISON, 

Twenty-third President of the United States, was 
born at Nor h Bend, Ohio, August 20, 1833. He is 
a grandson of William Henry Harrison. Graduated 
at Miami University, Ohio, in 1852 and studied law 
in Cincinnati. Married Caroline Lavina Scott; was 
admitted to the bar and removed to Indianapolis, 
Avhere he began the practice of law. He was ap- 
pointed crier of the Federal Court, and in 1860 was 
elected Supreme Court Reporter. In 1861 he raised 
a regiment and Governor INIorton commissioned him 
as its colonel. He remained in the army until 
the close of the war, having Ijeen promoted to the 
rank of brigadier-general. In 1880 he was elected 
United States Senator, took the office March 4, 1881, 
and served six years. The Republican National Con- 
vention met at Chicago June 19, 1888. On the first 
ballot the vote cast gave John Sherman, Ohio, 229; 
Walter Q. Gresham, Illinois, 111; Chauncey M. 
Depew, New Yo k, 99; Russel A. Alger, Michigan, 
84; Benjamin Harrison, Indiana, 80; William B. 
Allison, Iowa, 72; James G. Blaine, Maine, 35; John 
J. Ingalls, Kansas, 28; Jeremiah M. Rusk, Wiscon- 
sin, 25; William Walter Phelps, New Jersey, 25; Ed- 
win H. Fitler, Pennsylvania, 24; Joseph R. HaAvley, 
Connecticut, 13; Robert T. Lincoln, Illinois, 3, and 
William McKinley, Ohio, 2. General Harrison was 
nominated on the eighth ballot, receiving 554 votes 
to 118 for Sherman, 100 for Alger, 59 for Gresham, 5 
for Blaine and 4 for McKinley. It was made unan- 
imous. Levi Parsons Morton, of New York, was 
nominated for Vice-President on the first ballot, 
which stood: Morton, 561; William Walter Phelps, 
119; William 0. Bradley, Kentucky, 93, and Blanche 
K. Bruce, Mississippi, 11. Harrison and Morton 
were elected in November and inaugurated March 4, 
1889. The tenth Republican National Convention 



BENJAMIN HARRISON. 45 

met at Minneapolis June 7, 1892. President Harri- 
son was renominated on the first ballot by the follow- 
ing vote: Harrison, 585; James G. Blaine, 182; 
William McKinley, 182; Thomas Brackett Reed, 4, 
and Robert T. Lincoln, 1. Whitelaw Reid, of New 
York, was unanimously nominated for Vice-Presi- 
dent. They were beaten at the ensuing election. At 
the close of his term, March 4, 1893, Mr. Harrison 
returned to the practice of law at his home in Indian- 
apolis. 



Harrison's Cabinet. 

SECRETARIES OP STATE. 

James Gillespie Blaine, Maine, .... March 5, 1889 
John AVatsou Foster, Indiana, .... Jnne 29, 1892 

SECRETARIES OF THE TREASURY. 

William Windom, Minnesota, .... March 5, 1889 
Charles Foster, Ohio, Feb. 24, 1891 

SECRETARIES OF WAR. 

Redfield Proctor, Vermont, March 5, 18S9 

Stephen B. Elkins, New York, .... Dec. 24, 1891 

SECRETARY OF THE NAVY. 

Benjamin Franklin Tracy, New York, . March 5, 1889 

SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. 

John Willock Noble, Missouri, .... March 5, 1889 

POSTMASTER-GENERAL. 

John Wanamaker, Pennsylvania, . . . March 5, 1889 

ATTORNEY-GENERAL. 

William Henry Harrison Miller, Indiana, March 5, 1889 

SECRETARY OP AGRICULTURE. 

Jeremiah McLain Rusk, Wisconsin, . . March 5, 1889 



46 CHAFIN'S LIVES OF THE PEESIDENTS. 



GROVER CLEVELAND 

Removed to New ^'ork City and entered upon the 
practice of law at the close of his first term as Presi- 
dent. Although he failed to secure a majority of the 
electoral votes in 188S, he had a majority of 100,476 
on the popular vote over General Harrison. This 
made him popular with the people, and he was again 
brought forward as a candidate at the Democratic 
National Convention which met at Chicago June 21, 
1892. He was nominated on the first ballot, receiv- 
ing ten votes more than the necessary two-thirds. 
The vote stood: Cleveland, 617; David Bennett Hill, 
New York, 114; Horace Boies, Iowa, lOo; Arthur P. 
Gorman, Maryland, 36; Adlai E. Stevenson, Illinois, 
16; John G. Carlisle, Kentucky, 14; William R. 
Morrison, Illinois, 3; James E. Campbell, Ohio, 2; 
Robert E. Pattison, Pennsylvania, 1; William E. 
Russell, Massachusetts, 1, and William C. Whitney, 
New York, 1. The vote for Vice-President was given 
as follows: Adlai E. Stevenson, Illinois, 402; Isaac 
P. Gray, Indiana, 343; Allen B. Morse, 86; John L. 
Mitchell, Wisconsin, 45; Henry Watterson, Ken- 
tucky, 26; Burke Cockran, New York, 5; Lambert 
Tree, Illinois, 1, and Horace Boies, of Iowa, 1. 
Adlai E. Stevenson was then unanimously nomi- 
nated by acclamation. Cleveland and Stevenson 
were elected by a plurality of 132 in the Electoral 
College and 382, 95() on the popular vote. They were 
inaugurated March 4,- 1893. Mr. Cleveland was 
married to Miss Frances Folsom June 2, 1886. 

Cleveland's Second Cabinet. 

SECRETARIES OF STATE. 

AValter Quintin Gresham, Illinois, . . . March 5, 1893 
Richard Olney, MaBsachusettB, .... June 8, 1895 

SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY. 

John Griffin Carlisle, Kentucky, . . . March 5, 1893 



GROVER CLEVELAND. ' 47 

SECRETARY OF WAR. 

Dauiel Scott Lamout, New York, . . . March 5, 1893 

SECRETARY OF THE NAVY. 

Hilary A. Herbert, Alabama, .... March 5, 1893 

SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. 

Hoke Smith, Georgia, March 5, 1893 

ATTORNEYS-GENERAL. 

Richard Olney, Massachusetts, .... Marcli 5, 1893 
Judson Harmon, Ohio, June 8, 1895 

POSTMASTERS-GENERAL. 

Wilson Spannon Bissell, New York, . . March 5, 1893 
William L. Wilson, West Virginia, . . . April 3, 1895 

SECRETARY OF AGRICULTURE. 

Julius Sterling Morton, Nebraska, . . . March 5, 1893 



48 CHAFIiV'S LIVES OF THE PRESIDENTS. 



DUTIES OF CABINET OFFICERS. 



The President 

Is assisted in the administration of the general gov- 
ernment by eight officers, heads of departments, 
called his Cabinet, whom he may consult on all 
matters. They are nominated by him, but must be 
confirmed by the Senate. 

State Department. 

Created by an act of Congress, September 15, 
1789. 

The Secretary of State is the leading member of 
the Cabinet and has charge of the foreign relations of 
the United States, including all matters relative to 
Diplomacy, Foreign Ministers, Consuls, etc., and the 
reception of all communications from foreign powers. 

Treasury Department. 

Created by an act of Congress, September 2, 1879. 

The Secretary of the Treasury has charge of the 
fiscal affairs of the government, the collecting of the 
revenue, together with the oversight of the various 
custom houses and the numerous officers therein 
employed. 

War Department. 

Created by an act of Congress, September 15, 
1789. 

The Secretary of War has charge of the army and 
national defense on land; the superintendence of all 



DUTIES OF CABINET OFFICERS. 49 

forts and military stations and the various details 
connected with the land forces of the United States. 

Navy Department, 

Created by an act of Congress, April 80, 1798. 

Originally the Navy Department was included 
with the War Department. The Secretary of the 
Navy has charge of the national defenses by sea and 
control of everything connected with the naval estab- 
lishment in all its necessary details. 

Interior Department. 

Created by an act of Congress, March 3, 1849. 

This department was established for the relief of 
the other departments. The Secretary of the Interior 
has charge of the Patent Office, formerly under the 
supervision of the State Department; the Land Oftice, 
from the Treasury Department; Soldiers' pensions 
and Indian affairs, from the War Department; Naval 
pensions, from the Navy Department; the care of 
public buildings; the taking of the census and other 
matters. 

Attorney-General's Office. 

Created by an act of Congress, September 24, 
1789. 

The Attorney-General is the legal adviser of the 
President and heads of the various departments, and 
shall prosecute and conduct all suits in the Supreme 
Court in which the United States shall be concerned. 

Post-Officc Department. 

Created by an act of Congress, September 22, 
1789. 

The Postmaster-General, though not originally a 
Cabinet officer, is now recognized as such. He has 



50 CH A FIN'S LIVES OF THE PRESIDENTS. 

control of all the postal arrangements, contracts for 
the mail service by land and sea and appointment of 
postmasters. In offices where the salary of post- 
master is a thousand dollars a year or over, the ap- 
pointments are made by the President, by and with 
the advice and consent of the Senate. 

Department of Agriculture. 

Created by act of Congress, February 11, 1889. 

The Secretary of Agriculture has supervision of 
all public business relating to the industry of agri- 
culture; advisory supervision over all agricultural 
experiment stations supported from the national 
treasury; control of ({uarantine stations for imported 
live stock, and the inter-state quarantine for contagi- 
ous diseases among live stock and has charge of the 
weather bureau. The original act conferred very 
limited powers upon the Secretary, but it has since 
grown to be a department of great importance. 



SPEAKERS. 51 

SPEAKERS 

or 

The House of Representatives. 



First Congress— 1789, Frederick Augustus Muhlen- 
burg, Pa. (1st and 2d session held at New York, the 8d at 
Philadelphia.) , ,, ^, 

Second Congress— 1791, Jonathan Trumbull, Connec- 
ticut. , . , . , T.T 1 1 

Third Congress— 1793, Frederick Augustus Muhlen- 
burg, Pa. 

Fourth Congress— 1795, Jonathan Dayton, N. J. 
Fifth Congress— 1797, Jonathan Dayton, N. J.; George 

Sixth Congress— 1799, Theodore Sedgwick, Mass. (Ist 
session at Philadelphia, 2d at Washington.) 

Seventh Congress— 1801, Nathaniel Macon, N. C. 

Eighth Congress— 1803, Nathaniel Macon, N. C. 

Ninth Congress— 1805, Nathaniel Macon, N. C. 

Tenth Congress— 1807, Joseph B. Varnum, Mass. 

Eleventh Congress— 1809, Joseph B. Varnum, Maps. 

Twelfth Congress— 1811, Henry Clay, Ky. 

Thirteenth Congress- 1813, Henry Clay, Ky.; Lang- 
don Cheves, S. C. 

Fourteenth Congress— 1815, Henry Clay, Ky. 

Fifteenth Congress— 1817, Henry Clay, Ky. 

Sixteenth Congress— 1819, Henry Clay, Ky.; John W. 
Taylor, N. Y. . ^ , 

Seventeenth Congress— 1821, Philip P. Barbour, Va. 

Eighteenth Congress— 1823, Henry Clay, Ky. 

Nineteenth Congress— 1825, John W. Taylor, N. Y. 

Twentieth Congress— 1827, Andrew Stevenson, ^ a. 

Twenty-first Congress— 1829, Andrew Stevenson, Va. 

Twentv-second Congress— 1831, Andrew Stevenson, 

Va. 

Twenty-third Congress— 1833, Andrew Stevenson, V a.; 
Henrv Hubbard, N. H.; John Bell, Tenn. 

Twenty-fourth Congress— 1835, James Knox Polk, 
Tenn. 



52 CHAFIN'S LIVES OF THE PRESIDENTS. 

Twenty-Fifth Congress — 1837, James Knox Polk, Tenn 

Twentv-Sixth Congress— 1839, Robert M. T. Hunter 
Va, 

Twenty-seventh Congress — 1841, John White, Ky. 

Twenty-eighth Congress — 1843, John W. Jones, Va. 
Geo. W. Hopkins, Va. 

Twenty-ninth Congress — 1845, John W. Davis, Ind. 

Thirtieth Congress— 1847, Robert C. Winthrop, Mass. 
Armistead Burt, S. C. 

Thirty-first Congress— 1849, Howell Cobb, Ga. 

Thirty-second Congress — 185], Linn Boyd, Ky. 

Thirty-third Congress — 1853, Linn Boyd, Ky. 

Tliirty-fourth Congress— 1855, Nathaniel -P. Banks 

Thirty-fifth Congress— 1857, James L. Orr, S. C. 

Thirty-sixth Congress — 1859, William Pennington 
N. J. 

Thirty-seventh Congress — 1861, Galusha A. Grow, Pn 

Thirty-eighth Congress— 1863, Schuyler Colfax, Ind. 

Thirty-ninth Congress — 1865, Schuyler Colfax, Ind. 

Fortieth Congress — 1867, Schuyler Colfax, Ind. 

Forty-first Congress — 1869, James G. Blaine, Me. 

Forty-second Congress — 1871, James G. Blaine, Me. 

Forty-third Congress — 1873, James G. Blaine, Me. 

Forty-fourth Congress — 1875, Michael C. Kerr, Ind. 
Samuel J. Randall, Pa. 

Forty-fifth Congress— 1877, Samuel J. Randall, Pa. 

Forty-sixth Congress — 1879, Samuel J. Randall, Pa. 

Forty-seventh Congress — 1881, John W. Kiefer, Ohio 

Forty-eighth Congress — 1883, John G. Carlisle, Ky. 

Forty-ninth Congress — 1885, John G. Carlisle, Ky. 

Fiftieth Congress— 1887, John G. Carlisle, Ky. 

Fifty-first Congress— 1889, Thomas B. Reed, Me. 

Fifty-second Congress — 1891, Charles F. Crisp, Ga. 

Fifty-third Congress — 1893, Charles F. Crisp, Ga. 

Fifty-fourth Congress— 1895, Thomas B. Reed, Me. 



THE ELECTORAL COLLEGE. 



53 



THE ELECTORAL COLLEGE. 



i: 



-NUMBER OF ELECTORS, 69. 



George Washington, Virginia, 
John Adams, Massachusetts, . 
John Jay, New York, 
John Rutledge, South Carolina, 
R. H. Harrison, Maryland, 
John Hancock, Massachusetts, 
George Clinton, New York, 
John Milton, Georgia, 
Samuel Huntington, Connecticut, 
Edward Telfair, Georgia, . 
Benjamin Lincoln, Massachusetts, 
James Armstrong, Georgia, 



1792 — NUMBER OP ELECTORS, 132 



George AVashington, Virginia, , 
John Adams, ftlassachusetts, 
George Clinton, New York, 
Thomas Jefferson, Virginia, 
Aaron Burr, New York, . 



1796 — NUMBER OF ELECTORS, 138 

John Adams, Massachusetts, . 

Thomas Jelferson, Virginia. 

Thomas Pinckney, South Carolina, . 

Aaron Burr, New York, . 

Samuel Adams, Massachusetts, 

Oliver Ellsworth, Connecticut, 

George Clinton, New York, 

John Jay, New York, 

James Iredell, North Carolina, 

S. Johnston, North Carolina, . 

George Washington, Virginia, 

John Henry, Maryland, . 

Charles Cotesworth Pickney, South Carolina, 



69 
34 
9 
6 
6 
4 
3 
2 
2 
1 
1 
1 



132 

77 

50 

4 

1 



71 

68 

59 

30 

15 

11 

7 

5 

3 

2 

2 

2 

1 



54 CHAFJN'S LIVES OF THE PRESIDENTS. 

1800 — NUMBER OP ELECTORS, 138. 

Thomas Jefferson, Virginia, 73 

Aaron Burr, New York, 73 

John Adams, Massachusetts, 65 

Charles Cotesworth Pinckney, South Carolina, . . 64 

John Jay, New York, ..... . . 1 

STATES. 

Thomas Jefferson*, 10 

Aaron Burr, 4 

Divided 2 

In the following pages is given the electoral vote 
received by the successful and defeated candidates 
for the Presidency and Vice-Presidency from 1804 to 
1892. Prior to 1804, the President and Vice-Presi- 
dent were elected according to Article 11, Section 1, 
Clause 3, of the Constitution ; now according to the 
XII. Amendment. 



1804 — NUMBER OF ELECTORS, 176. 

President. 

Thomas Jefferson, Virginia, .... Republican, 162 

Charles Cotesworth Pinckney, S. C, . Federal, 14 

Vice-President. 

George Clinton, New York, .... Republican, 162 

Rufus King, New York, Federal, 14 



1808 — NUMBER OF ELECTORS, 175. 

President. 

James Madison, Virginia, Republican, 122 

Charles Cotesworth Pinckney, S. C, . Federal, 47 

George Clinton, New York, 6 



Elected by the House of Representatives, Feb. 17, 1801. 



THE ELECTORAL COLLEGE. 55 



Vice-President. 

George Cliuton, New York, .... Republican, 113 

RufuB King, New York, Federal, 47 

John Langdon, New Hampshire, 9 

James Madison, Virginia, 3 

James Monroe, Virginia, 3 



1812 — NUMBER OF ELECTORS, 217. 

President. 

James Madison, Virginia, Republican, 128 

DeWitt Clinton, New York Federal, 89 

Vice-President. 

Elhridge Gerry, Massachusetts, . . . Republican, 131 

Jared Ingersoll, Pennsylvania, . . . Federal, 86 



1816 — NUMBER OF ELECTORS, '217. 

President. 

James Monroe, Virginia, Republican, 183 

Rufus King, New York, Federal, 34 

■ Vice-President. 

Daniel D. Tompkins, New York, . . . Republican, 183 
John E. Howard, Maryland, .... Federal, 22 

James Ross, Pennsylvania, 5 

John Marshall, Virginia, . . . : 4 

Robert Goodloe Harper, Maryland, 3 



1820 — NUMBER OF ELECTORS, 232. 

President. 

James Monroe, Virginia, All Parties, 231 

John Quincy Adams, Massachusetts, 1 

Vice-President. 

Daniel D. Tompkins, New York, ... All Parties, 218 

Richard Stockton, New Jersey, 8 

Daniel Rodney, Delawai'e, 4 

Richard Rush, Pennsylvania, 1 

Robert Goodloe Harper, Maryland, 1 



56 CHAFIN'S LIVES OF THE PRESIDENTS. 



1824 — NUMBER OF ELECTORS, 261. 

Previous to this time many of the electors were ap- 
pointed by state legislatures, so there is no accurate data 
to be obtained of the popular vote. As several electors 
are chosen in each state, and do not each receive the same 
number of votes, we can only give the average estimate of 
the popular vote received by each candidate. 

President. 

Andrew Jackson, Tenn., . . 155,872 Democrat, 99 

John Quincy Adams, Mass., . 105,321 Federal, 84 

William H. Crawford, Ga., . 44,282 Democrat, 41 

Henry Clay, Ky 46,587 Federal, 37 

States. 

*John Quincy Adams, Massachusetts, 13 

Andrew Jackson, Tennessee, 7 

AVilliam H. Crawford, Georgia, 4 

Vice-President. 

John Caldwell Calhoun, South Carolina, All Parties, 182 

Nathan Sanford, New York, 30 

Nathaniel Macon, North Carolina, 24 

Andrew Jackson, Tennessee, . 13 

Martin Van Buren, New York, 9 

Henry Clay, Kentucky, 3 



1828 — NUMBER OF ELECTORS, 261. 



President. 



Andrew Jackson, Tennessee, 
John Quincy Adams, Mass., 



647,231 Democrat, 178 
509,097 Federal, 83 



Vice-President. 

John Caldwell Calhoun, South Carolina, Democrat, 171 

Richard Rush, Pennsylvania, .... Federal, 83 

William Smith, South Carolina, 7 



Elected by the House of Represeutntives, February 9,1825. 



THE ELECTORAL COLLEGE. 57 

1832 — NUMBER OF ELECTORS, 286. 

President. 

Andrew Jackeon, Tennessee, . 687,502 Democrat, 219 

Henry Clay, Kentucky, . . . 530,189 Whig, 49 

John Floyd, Virginia, 11 

William Wirt, Virginia, . . . 33,108 Anti-Mason, 7 

Vice-President. 

Martin Van Buren, New York, . . . Democrat, 189 

John Sergeant, Pennsylvania, .... Whig, 49 

Henry Lee, Massachusetts, 11 

Amos P^llmaker, Pennsylvania, . . . Anti-Mason, 7 

William Wilkins, Pennsylvania, 30 

1836 — NUMBER OF ELECTORS, 294. 

President. 

Martin Van Buren, New York, 761,549 Democrat, 170 

William Henry Harrison, Ohio, 736,656 Whig, 73 

Hugh L. White, Tennessee, 26 

Daniel Webster, Massachusetts, 14 

Willie P. Maugum, North Carolina, 11 

Vice-President 

^Richard Mentor Johnson, Kentucky, . Democrat, 147 

Francis Granger, New York, .... Whig, 77 

John Tyler, Virginia, 47 

William Smith, South Carolina, 23 

1840 — NUMBER OF ELECTORS, 294. 

President. 

William Henry Harrison, O., 1,275,017 Whig, 234 

Martin Van Buren, New York, 1,128,702 Democrat, 60 
James Gillespie Birney, N. Y., 7,059 Liberty, 

Vice-President. 

John Tyler, Virginia, Whig, 234 

Eichard Mentor Johnson, Kentucky, . Democrat, 48 

Littleton W. Tazewell, Virginia, 11 

James Knox Polk, Tennessee, 1 

Thomas Earle, Pennsylvania, .... Liberty, 



Elected by Senate. Johnsou 33, Granger 16 votes. 



58 CHA FIN'S LIVES OF THE PRESIDENTS. 

1844 — NUMBER OF ELECTORS, 275. 

President. 

James Knox Polk, Tenn., . 1,337,243 Democrat, 170 
Henry Clay, Ky., .... 1,299,068 Whig, 105 

James Gilleepie Birney, Mich., 02,390 Liberty. 

Vice-President. 

George Mifflin Dallas, Pa., Democrat, 170 

Theodore Frelinghuysen, N. J., ... Whig, 105 

Thomas Morris, Ohio, Liberty. 



1848 — NUMBER OF ELECTORS, 290. 

President. 

Zacharv Tavlor, La., . . . 1,300,101 Whig, 183 

Lewis Cass, Mich., .... 1,220,544 Democrat, 127 

Martin Van Biiren, N. Y., . . 291,263 Free .Soil. 

Vice-President. 

Millard Fillmore, N. Y., Whig, 163 

William Orlando Butler, Ky., .... Democrat, 127 

Charles Francis Adams, Mass., . . . Free Soil. 



1852 — NUMBER OF ELECTORS, 296. 

President. 

Franklin Pierce, N. H., . . 1,601,474 Democrat, 254 

Winfield Scott, Va., . . . . 1,386,578 Whig, 42 
John Parker Hale, N. H., . 156,149 Free Soil. 

Vice-President. 

William Rufus King, Ala., Democrat, 254 

William Alexander Graham, N. C, . . Whig, 42 

George W. Julian, Ind., Free Soil. 



1856 — NUMBER OF ELECTORS, 296. 

President. 

James Buchanan, Pa., . . . 1,838,169 Democrat, 174 
John Charles Fremont, Cal., . 1,341,264 Republican, 114 
Millard Fillmore, N. Y., . . 874,534 American, 8 



THE ELECTORAL COLLEGE. . 59 

Vice-President. 

John Cabell Breckenridge, Ky., . . . Democrat, 174 

William L. Dayton, N. J., Republican, 114 

Andrew Jackson Donelson, Tenn., . . American, 8 

1860 — NUMBER OP ELECTORS, 303. 

President. 

Abraham Lincoln, III., . . 1,866,352 Republican, 180 

John Cabell Breckenridge, Kv., 845,763 Democrat, 72 

John Bell, Tenn., . . . . " 589,581 Union, 39 

Stephen Arnold Douglas, 111., . 1,375,157 Democrat, 12 

Vice-President. 

Hannibal Hamlin, Me., Republican, 180 

Joseph Lane, Oregon, Democrat, 72 

Edward Everett, Mass. Union, 39 

Herschel V. Johnson, Ga., Democrat, 12 

1864 — NUMBER OF ELECTORS, 233. 

President. 

Abraham Lincoln, 111., . . . 2,216,067 Republican, 212 

Geo. Brintou McClellau, N. J., 1,808,725 Democrat, 21 

Vice-President. 

Andrew Jolinson, Tennessee, .... Republican, 212 

George H. Pendleton, Ohio, Democrat, 21 

1868 — NUMBER OF ELECTOR.S, 294. 

President. 

Ulysses Simpson Grant, 111., . 3,015,071 Republican, 214 

Horatio Seymour, New York, 2,709,613 Democrat, 80 

Vice-President. 

Schuyler Colfax, Indiana, Republican, 214 

Francis Preston Blair, Jr. , Missouri, . Democrat, 80 

1872 — NUMBER OF ELECTORS, 366. 

President. 

Ulysses Simpson Grant, 111., . 3,597,070 Republican, 300 

Horace Greeley, New York, . 2,834,079 Lib.-Repub., 66 

Charles O'Conor, New York, 29,408 Democrat. 

James Black, Pennsylvania, . 5,608 Prohibition. 



60 CHAFIN'S LIVES OF THE PRESIDENTS. 

Vice-President. 

Henry Wilson, MassachusettB, .... Republican, 300 

Benjamin Gratz Brown, Miseouri, . . Lib.-Repub., 66 

John Quincv Adams, Massachusetts, . Democrat. 

John Russell, Michigan Prohibition. 

Greeley having died before the meeting of the Elec- 
toral College, the electors gave their votes for President 
as follows: 

Thomas Andrews Hendricks, Indiana, 42 

Benjamin Gratz Brown, Missouri, 18 

Horace Greeley, New York, 3 

Charles J. Jenkins, 2 

David Davis, Illinois, 1 

The vote for Vice-President stood: 

Benjamin Gratz Brown, Missouri, 47 

George W. Julian, Indiana, 6 

A. H. Colquitt, Georgia, 5 

J. M. Palmer, Illinois, 3 

T. E. Bramlette, 3 

W. L. Groesbeck, 1 

W. D. Machen, 1 

N. P. Banks, Massachusetts, 1 



1876 — NUMBER OP ELECTORS, 369. 

President. 

Rutherford Birchard Hayes, O., 4,033,295 Republican, 185 

Samuel Jones Tilden,N. Y., . 4,284,265 Democrat, 184 

Peter Cooper, New York, . . 81,737 Greenback. 

Green Clay Smith, Kentucky, 9,522 Prohibition. 

Vice-President. 

William Almon Wheeler, New York, Republican, 185 

Thomas Andrews Hendricks, Indiana, . Democrat, 184 

Sanmel F. Cary, Ohio, Greenback. 

Gideon T. Stewart, Ohio, Prohibition. 



THE ELECTORAL COLLEGE. 



61 



1880 — NUMBER OF ELECTORS, 3G9. 



President. 

Jamee Abram Garfield, Ohio, 4,450,921 
Winfield Scott Hancock, N. Y., 4,447,888 
James B. Weaver, Iowa, . . . 307,740 

Neal Dow, Maine, 10,305 

John W. Phelps, Vermont, . . . 707 

Vice-President. 

Chester Allan Arthur, New York, . . . 
William H. English, Indiana, . . . . 

B. J. Chambers, Texas, 

Henry A. Thompson, Ohio, 

Samuel C. Pomeroy, Kansas, . . . . 



Republican, 217 
Democrat, 152 
Grnbk. -Labor. 
Prohibition. 
American. 



Republican, 217 
Democrat, 152 
Green'k-Labor 
Prohibition. 
American. 



1884 — NUMBER OF ELECTORS, 401. 

President. 

Grover Cleveland, N. Y., . . 4,911,017 Democrat, 219 
James Gillespie Blaine, Maine, 4,848,334 Republican, 182 
John P. St. John, Kansas, . *- 151,809 Prohibition. 

Benj. Franklin Butler, M„B,., 133.825 { ^S,°3o?. 

Vice-President. 

Thomas Andrews Hendricks, Indiana, . Democrat, 219 
John Alexander Logan, Illinois, . . . Republican, 182 
William Daniel, Maryland, Prohibition. 

Absolom M. West, Mississippi, . . . | Anti-Monopoly 
' ^^ ' ( Green k-Labor. 



1888— NUMBER OF ELECTORS, 401. 

President. 



Benjamin Harrison, Indiana, . 5,439,853 
Grover Cleveland, New York, 5,540,329 
Clinton B. Fisk, New Jersey, . 249,506 
Alson J. Streeter, Illinois, . . 146,935 
Robert H. Cowdrey, Illinois, . 2,818 
James L. Curtis, New York, . 1,591 

Belva Lockwood, Washingion, D. C, 
Albert E. Redstone, California, . . . 



Republican, 233 

Democrat, 168 

Prohibition. 

Union-Lal>or. 

United-Labor. 

American. 

f National 

t Equal-Rights. 

J Industrial- 

t Reform 



62 CBAFIN'S LIVES OF THE PRESIDENTS. 



Vice-President. 

Levi Parsons Morton, New York, . . . Republican, 233 

Allen G. Thurman, Ohio, Democrat, 168 

John A. Brooks, Missouri, Prohibition. 

Charles E. Cunningham, Arkansas, . . Union-Labor. 

William H. T. Wakefield, Kansas, . . . United-Labor. 

James E. Greer, Tennessee, American. 

Charles Stuart Wells, Pennsylvania, . | IquJl^IlightB. 

John Colvin, Kansas, { Industrial- 

t Reform. 



1892 — NUMBER OF ELECTORS, 444. 

President. 



Grover Cleveland, New York, 5,556,533 

Benjamin Harrison, Indiana, 5,176,577 

James B. AVeaver, Iowa, . . 1,122,045 

John Bidwell, California, . . 279,191 

Simon Wing, Massachusetts, . 21,191 

Vice-President. 

Adlai Ewing Stevenson, Uiinois, 
Whitelaw Reid, New York, . . 
James G. Field, Virginia, . . . 
.lames B. Cranfill, Texas, . . . 
Charles H. Hatchett, New York, 



Democrat, 277 
Republican, 145 
Populist, 22 

Prohibition. 
Socialistic-Lab. 



Democrat, 277 
Republican, 145 
Populist, 22 

Prohibition. 
Socialistic-Lab. 



OF THE PRESIDENTS. 63 



OF THE PRESIDENTS, 

Seven were Vice-Presidents; ten were United States 
Senators, and one, Tyler, was President pro tern.; 
thirteen were Representatives in Congress, and one, 
Polk, was Speaker of the House; six were Secre- 
taries of State, but none ever held any other Cabinet 
oflfice; two, John Adams and Jefferson, signed the 
Declaration of Independence, and two, Washington 
and Madison, the Constitution; six were born in 
Virginia; fifteen were farmers' sons; eighteen were 
lawyers; three, John Adams, Jefferson and Monroe, 
died on the 4th of July, and fifteen were graduates of 
colleges. Three, Madison, Buchanan and Hayes, 
were elected notwithstanding New York voted against 
them. The electoral vote of that state elected John 
Adams, Jefferson (first time), Van Buren, Polk, Tay- 
lor, Lincoln (first time), Garfield, Cleveland (first 
time) and Benjamin Harrison. Polk was the only 
President ever elected with his own state voting 
against him. Van Buren held more high offices than 
any other man under our government, having been 
President, Vice-President, Secretary of State, Minis- 
ter to England, United States Senator and Governor 
of New York. Four Presidents, William Henry 
Harrison, Taylor, Lincoln and Garfield, and five 
Vice-Presidents, Clinton, Gerry, King, Wilson and 
Hendricks, died in office. Pierce was the only Presi- 
dent who did not make a change in his Cabinet. 
Calhoun resigned the oflfice of Vice-President shortly 
before his term expired to become United States Sen- 
ator. Eight of the Presidents were re-elected, and 
two, Jackson and Cleveland, were candidates three 
times in succession, and were each twice elected. 
Grant was the youngest (47) and William Henry 
Harrison (68) the oldest. Eight of the Vice-Presi- 
dents were from New York. 



«4 CHAFIN'S LIVES OF THE PRESIDENTS. 

OF THE CABINET 

Officers, Albert Gallatin, of Pennsylvania, served the 
longest term, having been Secretar}^ of the Treasury 
from January, 1802, to February, 1814. More dis- 
tinguished statesmen have held the offices of Secre- 
tary of State and Secretary of the Treasury than that 
of President. The most eminently distinguished 
Cabinet was that of President Monroe during his 
second term. Massachusetts and New York have 
been most favored with Cabinet positions, while 
Rhode Island is the only one of the thirteen original 
states that has furnished no Cabinet officer. 

In 1886 Congress passed a law placing the Presi- 
dential succession in the Cabinet as follows: 

" In the case of removal by death, resignation or 
inability of both President and Vice-President a 
member of the Cabinet shall in the following order 
act as President until the disability is removed or a 
President is elected: The Secretary of State, the 
Secretary of the Treasury, Secretary of War, Attor- 
ney-General, Postmaster-General, Secretary of the 
Navy, Secretary of the Interior and the Secretary of 
Agriculture; provided. Congress be not then in ses- 
sion, or within twenty days of its regular session, 
in which case the acting President shall issue a proc- 
lamation convening Congress in extraordinary ses- 
sion, giving twenty days' notice of the time of meet- 
ing." 



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